{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127917480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","title":"Potential landscapes reveal spatiotemporal structure in urban mobility: Hodge decomposition and principal component analysis of Tokyo before and during COVID-19","display_name":"Potential landscapes reveal spatiotemporal structure in urban mobility: Hodge decomposition and principal component analysis of Tokyo before and during COVID-19","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127917480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097333982","display_name":"Yunhan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-6919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3-09 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-6919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3-09 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125113154","display_name":"Takaaki Aoki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171494771","display_name":"Shiga University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vvhy971","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171494771"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takaaki Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Data Science, Shiga University, 1-1-1, Banba, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-3061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Data Science, Shiga University, 1-1-1, Banba, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171494771"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125166541","display_name":"Naoya Fujiwara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086780","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naoya Fujiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8568, Japan","Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3-09 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan","PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-4698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8568, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3-09 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125166541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933","https://openalex.org/I4210086780","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15502349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.03929999843239784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6198999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.33719998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6198999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778068325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19892785","display_name":"Individual mobility","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71176878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014987","display_name":"Functional principal component analysis","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-025-00454-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7854427099227905,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1401442696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24H01473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1496355786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJSP2114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622294042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24H01473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1655116254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJPR21RA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3204372646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24K07699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3476896925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24K03007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5496080242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24K03007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7086609851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJSP2114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","funder_display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G797017357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP24K07699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8935986239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJSP2114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335268","display_name":"Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051fftw81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338111","display_name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127917480.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127917480.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651166699","https://openalex.org/W1893927097","https://openalex.org/W1976040640","https://openalex.org/W1980952070","https://openalex.org/W1982300822","https://openalex.org/W1987228002","https://openalex.org/W1998977556","https://openalex.org/W2004602565","https://openalex.org/W2017053662","https://openalex.org/W2025546535","https://openalex.org/W2055129405","https://openalex.org/W2056284729","https://openalex.org/W2057301737","https://openalex.org/W2063628808","https://openalex.org/W2064328429","https://openalex.org/W2090978188","https://openalex.org/W2125189556","https://openalex.org/W2126194848","https://openalex.org/W2130406232","https://openalex.org/W2133400794","https://openalex.org/W2134946452","https://openalex.org/W2137558058","https://openalex.org/W2142703753","https://openalex.org/W2225223130","https://openalex.org/W2266455033","https://openalex.org/W2292075055","https://openalex.org/W2318951588","https://openalex.org/W2334591607","https://openalex.org/W2389286687","https://openalex.org/W2580095392","https://openalex.org/W2583189593","https://openalex.org/W2736562847","https://openalex.org/W2802508687","https://openalex.org/W2803156588","https://openalex.org/W2896054253","https://openalex.org/W2940225414","https://openalex.org/W2950094258","https://openalex.org/W2963000270","https://openalex.org/W2970090621","https://openalex.org/W3000025556","https://openalex.org/W3001897055","https://openalex.org/W3020001547","https://openalex.org/W3024290817","https://openalex.org/W3036037648","https://openalex.org/W3113851958","https://openalex.org/W3135888077","https://openalex.org/W3135991957","https://openalex.org/W3165093051","https://openalex.org/W3186027345","https://openalex.org/W3188581123","https://openalex.org/W3190543401","https://openalex.org/W3192027223","https://openalex.org/W3194725275","https://openalex.org/W3206124495","https://openalex.org/W4221151840","https://openalex.org/W4237462020","https://openalex.org/W4282915749","https://openalex.org/W4283796642","https://openalex.org/W4289520894","https://openalex.org/W4311210472","https://openalex.org/W4377107229","https://openalex.org/W4385302684","https://openalex.org/W4388180889","https://openalex.org/W4391738152","https://openalex.org/W4407803681"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Understanding":[1],"human":[2,32,72,116],"mobility":[3,29,41,185,204],"is":[4,58,98],"vital":[5],"to":[6,46,59,76,82,100,108,209],"solving":[7],"societal":[8],"challenges,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,136],"epidemic":[12],"control":[13],"and":[14,38,158,186,191,206,213],"urban":[15,211],"transportation":[16],"optimization.":[17],"Recent":[18],"advancements":[19],"in":[20,31,184,201],"data":[21,42,61,81],"collection":[22],"now":[23],"enable":[24],"the":[25,35,80,101,130,156,162,196],"exploration":[26],"of":[27,40,112,115,133,140,161,198],"dynamic":[28],"patterns":[30,49,205],"flow.":[33],"However,":[34],"vast":[36],"volume":[37],"complexity":[39],"make":[43],"it":[44],"difficult":[45],"interpret":[47],"spatiotemporal":[48],"directly,":[50],"necessitating":[51],"effective":[52],"information":[53,64,70,121],"reduction.":[54],"The":[55,152],"core":[56],"challenge":[57],"balance":[60],"simplification":[62],"with":[63,106,146],"preservation:":[65],"methods":[66],"must":[67],"retain":[68],"location-specific":[69],"about":[71],"flows":[73],"from":[74],"origins":[75],"destinations":[77],"while":[78],"reducing":[79],"a":[83,89,110,137,141,177],"comprehensible":[84],"level.":[85],"This":[86],"study":[87],"proposes":[88],"two-step":[90,168],"dimensionality":[91],"reduction":[92,169],"framework:":[93],"First,":[94],"combinatorial":[95],"Hodge":[96],"theory":[97],"applied":[99],"given":[102,163],"origin\u2013destination":[103],"(OD)":[104],"matrices":[105],"timestamps":[107],"construct":[109],"set":[111],"potential":[113,134,208],"landscapes":[114,135],"flow,":[117],"preserving":[118],"imbalanced":[119],"trip":[120],"between":[122,189],"locations.":[123],"Second,":[124],"principal":[125],"component":[126],"analysis":[127],"(PCA)":[128],"expresses":[129],"time":[131],"series":[132],"linear":[138],"combination":[139],"few":[142],"static":[143],"spatial":[144,157],"components,":[145],"their":[147],"coefficients":[148],"representing":[149],"temporal":[150,159],"variations.":[151],"framework":[153,200],"systematically":[154],"decouples":[155],"components":[160],"data.":[164],"By":[165],"implementing":[166],"this":[167],"method,":[170],"we":[171],"reveal":[172],"large":[173],"weight":[174],"variations":[175],"during":[176],"pandemic,":[178],"characterized":[179],"by":[180],"an":[181],"overall":[182],"decline":[183],"stark":[187],"contrasts":[188],"weekdays":[190],"holidays.":[192],"These":[193],"findings":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"effectiveness":[197],"our":[199],"uncovering":[202],"complex":[203],"its":[207],"inform":[210],"planning":[212],"public":[214],"health":[215],"interventions.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
