{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407287655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","title":"Replacing or enhancing the human coder? Multiclass classification of policy documents with large language models","display_name":"Replacing or enhancing the human coder? Multiclass classification of policy documents with large language models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407287655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6f09c287-db6f-46d0-b357-887136a1c55c","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098828756","display_name":"Erkan Gunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8106-3314"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erkan Gunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8106-3314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022550400","display_name":"Christoffer Florczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoffer Koch Florczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098828756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92479464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6662003993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5708101391792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.5092278718948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47042346000671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.37002575397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.10533186793327332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6662003993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5708101391792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.5092278718948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47042346000671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.37002575397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.10533186793327332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:jcsosc:v:8:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s42001-025-00362-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/6f09c287-db6f-46d0-b357-887136a1c55c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6f09c287-db6f-46d0-b357-887136a1c55c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gunes, E & Florczak, C K 2025, 'Replacing or Enhancing the Human Coder? Multiclass Classification of Policy Documents with Large Language Models', Journal of Computational Social Science, vol. 8, no. 2, 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/6f09c287-db6f-46d0-b357-887136a1c55c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/6f09c287-db6f-46d0-b357-887136a1c55c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gunes, E & Florczak, C K 2025, 'Replacing or Enhancing the Human Coder? Multiclass Classification of Policy Documents with Large Language Models', Journal of Computational Social Science, vol. 8, no. 2, 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-025-00362-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8622054042","display_name":"OpenAI","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015897410","https://openalex.org/W2032158738","https://openalex.org/W2087907530","https://openalex.org/W2095655043","https://openalex.org/W2097353125","https://openalex.org/W2159397589","https://openalex.org/W2515855575","https://openalex.org/W2601780063","https://openalex.org/W2789327660","https://openalex.org/W2923620162","https://openalex.org/W2948937448","https://openalex.org/W3112208384","https://openalex.org/W3125733373","https://openalex.org/W3182519352","https://openalex.org/W4238374879","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4301519395","https://openalex.org/W4321455981","https://openalex.org/W4362454468","https://openalex.org/W4366733439","https://openalex.org/W4379259169","https://openalex.org/W4383045293","https://openalex.org/W4384662964","https://openalex.org/W4390041933","https://openalex.org/W4392881765","https://openalex.org/W4399540815","https://openalex.org/W6629691594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
