{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283727584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","title":"Comparative analysis of social bots and humans during the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Comparative analysis of social bots and humans during the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283727584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35789937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043059930","display_name":"Ho-Chun Herbert Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-2527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124677","display_name":"California Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycfa514","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ho-Chun Herbert Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA","Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90292 USA","Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-2527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90292 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078699564","display_name":"Emilio Ferrara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-2831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144571360","display_name":"Viterbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/039p8pn96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144571360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097295","display_name":"Vital Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00svqj211","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124677","display_name":"California Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02ycfa514","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90292 USA","Viterbi School of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA","Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90292 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viterbi School of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144571360","https://openalex.org/I4210097295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043059930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210124677"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98933848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"1409","last_page":"1425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.7687018513679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.6612741947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6299459934234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite","display_name":"Elite","score":0.6179229617118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.6029155850410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.5810001492500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.5188313722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-discourse","display_name":"Public discourse","score":0.4886522591114044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4477331042289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.42777764797210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4018445909023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.38847142457962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16123032569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1535615622997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14206522703170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.11443054676055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.10530668497085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.08890753984451294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.7687018513679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6612741947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6299459934234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.6179229617118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6029155850410461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5810001492500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.5188313722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992826032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17945","display_name":"Public discourse","level":3,"score":0.4886522591114044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4477331042289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.42777764797210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4018445909023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.38847142457962036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16123032569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1535615622997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14206522703170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11443054676055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.10530668497085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.08890753984451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35789937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35789937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of computational social science","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:jcsosc:v:5:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s42001-022-00173-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9244092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9244092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Comput Soc Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42001-022-00173-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196583","display_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","issn_l":"2432-2717","issn":["2432-2717","2432-2725"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283727584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283727584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837843568","https://openalex.org/W2118136127","https://openalex.org/W2142274086","https://openalex.org/W2303924600","https://openalex.org/W2603417611","https://openalex.org/W2790531711","https://openalex.org/W2792307011","https://openalex.org/W2885316213","https://openalex.org/W2889127731","https://openalex.org/W2903336643","https://openalex.org/W2914064919","https://openalex.org/W2978598860","https://openalex.org/W3015643900","https://openalex.org/W3016767348","https://openalex.org/W3034078763","https://openalex.org/W3035082952","https://openalex.org/W3036082643","https://openalex.org/W3092858700","https://openalex.org/W3093798014","https://openalex.org/W3095610489","https://openalex.org/W3103145424","https://openalex.org/W3104758113","https://openalex.org/W3124105495","https://openalex.org/W3125182500","https://openalex.org/W3130507581","https://openalex.org/W3135094997","https://openalex.org/W3135114606","https://openalex.org/W3168068235","https://openalex.org/W3176626547","https://openalex.org/W4252661026","https://openalex.org/W6796249392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043508177","https://openalex.org/W4382752644","https://openalex.org/W4309170162","https://openalex.org/W3049488969","https://openalex.org/W4380353675","https://openalex.org/W2043544044","https://openalex.org/W2067549128","https://openalex.org/W3209170404","https://openalex.org/W4388052379","https://openalex.org/W4226303916"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
