{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417508075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","title":"Multimodal Federated Learning in Healthcare: A Review","display_name":"Multimodal Federated Learning in Healthcare: A Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417508075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42110659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196546","display_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","issn_l":"2509-4971","issn":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13156342/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072112638","display_name":"Jacob Thrasher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Thrasher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093081244","display_name":"Alina Devkota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alina Devkota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120860650","display_name":"Prasiddha Siwakoti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasiddha Siwakoti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078855941","display_name":"Rohit Chivukula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-2482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Chivukula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022583827","display_name":"Pranav Poudel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Poudel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instutiute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instutiute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004539582","display_name":"Chuanbo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-5005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanbo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University at Albany, Albany, NY USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University at Albany, Albany, NY USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067918441","display_name":"Ahmad P. Tafti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Tafti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063234434","display_name":"Binod Bhattarai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binod Bhattarai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008803380","display_name":"Prashnna Gyawali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prashnna Gyawali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008803380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96449435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"419","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.8371999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.8371999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-system","display_name":"Healthcare system","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.31150001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6757000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00226-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196546","display_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","issn_l":"2509-4971","issn":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42110659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42110659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of healthcare informatics research","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13156342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13156342/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Healthc Inform Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13156342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13156342/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Healthc Inform Res","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7540514996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCG23-007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317258","funder_display_name":"West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317258","display_name":"West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01yaers16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082704080","https://openalex.org/W2329659234","https://openalex.org/W2783522756","https://openalex.org/W2969075152","https://openalex.org/W3011613309","https://openalex.org/W3013081403","https://openalex.org/W3092144916","https://openalex.org/W3109723249","https://openalex.org/W3111327456","https://openalex.org/W3122794187","https://openalex.org/W3138795569","https://openalex.org/W3143375397","https://openalex.org/W3153149826","https://openalex.org/W3171931649","https://openalex.org/W3193254256","https://openalex.org/W4200109442","https://openalex.org/W4205164650","https://openalex.org/W4206279885","https://openalex.org/W4206936477","https://openalex.org/W4210788152","https://openalex.org/W4211249696","https://openalex.org/W4224094724","https://openalex.org/W4225150604","https://openalex.org/W4248131708","https://openalex.org/W4283156058","https://openalex.org/W4283361841","https://openalex.org/W4283367167","https://openalex.org/W4283519547","https://openalex.org/W4283519888","https://openalex.org/W4283800079","https://openalex.org/W4283811427","https://openalex.org/W4285196740","https://openalex.org/W4285600172","https://openalex.org/W4290033826","https://openalex.org/W4293869240","https://openalex.org/W4295951577","https://openalex.org/W4296260108","https://openalex.org/W4297087995","https://openalex.org/W4297521542","https://openalex.org/W4307549724","https://openalex.org/W4308469556","https://openalex.org/W4308946213","https://openalex.org/W4309080560","https://openalex.org/W4312719120","https://openalex.org/W4312924610","https://openalex.org/W4313576394","https://openalex.org/W4323825027","https://openalex.org/W4367835739","https://openalex.org/W4379013917","https://openalex.org/W4383112403","https://openalex.org/W4385338552","https://openalex.org/W4385497710","https://openalex.org/W4385569851","https://openalex.org/W4385614039","https://openalex.org/W4385615086","https://openalex.org/W4386736797","https://openalex.org/W4387846150","https://openalex.org/W4388017325","https://openalex.org/W4389459523","https://openalex.org/W4390942304","https://openalex.org/W4400625028","https://openalex.org/W4401098504"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}