{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412748795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","title":"Multi-Cohort Federated Learning Shows Synergy in Mortality Prediction for MRI-Based and Metabolomics-Based Age Scores","display_name":"Multi-Cohort Federated Learning Shows Synergy in Mortality Prediction for MRI-Based and Metabolomics-Based Age Scores","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412748795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41230244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196546","display_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","issn_l":"2509-4971","issn":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101679672","display_name":"Pedro Mateus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-7630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Mateus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616","https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092566356","display_name":"Swier Garst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4774-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swier Garst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783266","display_name":"Jing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033794718","display_name":"Davy Cats","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davy Cats","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103083450","display_name":"Alexander Harms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-8042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander G. J. Harms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059884176","display_name":"Mahlet Birhanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahlet Birhanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064751516","display_name":"Marian Beekman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-6206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Beekman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103784421","display_name":"P. Eline Slagboom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Eline Slagboom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052699801","display_name":"Marcel Reinders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Reinders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055877229","display_name":"Jeroen van der Grond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0185-3158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen van der Grond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102442933","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Dekker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Dekker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616","https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022027850","display_name":"Jacobus F.A. Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-8060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobus F. A. Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands","Mental Health & Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mental Health & Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063368462","display_name":"Magdalena Beran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-5759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Beran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044250850","display_name":"Miranda T. Schram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-7604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miranda T. Schram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029875703","display_name":"Pieter Jelle Visser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-9727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Jelle Visser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075342760","display_name":"Justine Moonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108594","display_name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience","ror":"https://ror.org/01x2d9f70","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justine Moonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066575559","display_name":"Mohsen Ghanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029373833","display_name":"Gennady V. Roshchupkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-2313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gennady Roshchupkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036439038","display_name":"Dina Vojinovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-0232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dina Vojinovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058533373","display_name":"I\u00f1igo Bermejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9105-8088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800191616","display_name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9ce178","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161616","display_name":"Maastro Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/059wkzj26","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inigo Bermejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800191616","https://openalex.org/I4210161616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067900225","display_name":"Hailiang Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-5508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailiang Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026207242","display_name":"Esther E. Bron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","display_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esther E. Bron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026207242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":0.6391,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68999936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"606","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.13179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.13179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.12470000237226486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10269","display_name":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","score":0.09640000015497208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.7384219169616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolomics","display_name":"Metabolomics","score":0.4672738313674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4577454924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4519866704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4188568592071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37489327788352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2913060188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.18254756927490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10839909315109253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.7384219169616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21565614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006","display_name":"Metabolomics","level":2,"score":0.4672738313674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4577454924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4519866704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4188568592071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37489327788352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2913060188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.18254756927490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10839909315109253}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196546","display_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","issn_l":"2509-4971","issn":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41230244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41230244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of healthcare informatics research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire_cris_publications/2479fd7b-b08c-462e-8f6a-ed04dc32af51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/2479fd7b-b08c-462e-8f6a-ed04dc32af51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire/c325bda7-02e9-4af2-981d-4617f8440dd1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/c325bda7-02e9-4af2-981d-4617f8440dd1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire_cris_publications/7bc84b3b-0a41-4888-87ae-4315e2f8018c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/7bc84b3b-0a41-4888-87ae-4315e2f8018c","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/376844835/s41666-025-00208-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire_cris_publications/2f64c357-8ffc-4919-911e-662e16b88f26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/2f64c357-8ffc-4919-911e-662e16b88f26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210196546","display_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","issn_l":"2509-4971","issn":["2509-4971","2509-498X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1012222616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309432","funder_display_name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1298807586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327918","funder_display_name":"H. Lundbeck A/S"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1554142629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322148","funder_display_name":"Eisai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1593117279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309470","funder_display_name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650819308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","funder_display_name":"Biogen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1880935189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327918","funder_display_name":"H. Lundbeck A/S"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2100670906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310388","funder_display_name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2152643862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311551","funder_display_name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2189010064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2340207221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310045","funder_display_name":"BioClinica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2423387114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2\u20130012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2471646051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327918","funder_display_name":"H. Lundbeck A/S"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2522063444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","funder_display_name":"Genentech"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2653467364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"73305095005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321007","funder_display_name":"ZonMw"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2835601961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G29951154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3131374986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","funder_display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216574877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3553156159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","funder_display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3710456697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","funder_display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3752451908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","funder_display_name":"Servier"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3868911071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202006640010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3870774570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","funder_display_name":"Genentech"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3908963977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3966393351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309432","funder_display_name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4119534169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G43180419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322148","funder_display_name":"Eisai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4475667458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4501223628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329118","funder_display_name":"IXICO"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4800177743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310045","funder_display_name":"BioClinica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5207404921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306219","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5209990037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","funder_display_name":"Pfizer"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G528601746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5324093878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5365730499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","funder_display_name":"University of Southern California"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5654639750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310045","funder_display_name":"BioClinica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5740349702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309470","funder_display_name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5850682332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G613619302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310388","funder_display_name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6173816828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","funder_display_name":"Pfizer"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6210868510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","funder_display_name":"Biogen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6288334209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20200664001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335564","funder_display_name":"Chinese Government Scholarship"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6371410416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","funder_display_name":"Biogen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6412110892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","funder_display_name":"Genentech"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6447063303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309470","funder_display_name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6719828067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329118","funder_display_name":"IXICO"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6792506723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","funder_display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6899163935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322148","funder_display_name":"Eisai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6948409098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309432","funder_display_name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G72415811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311551","funder_display_name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7298697282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329118","funder_display_name":"IXICO"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G764699806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7799614282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","funder_display_name":"Pfizer"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G781725486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","funder_display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7836562830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"457001001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321007","funder_display_name":"ZonMw"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8228018387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306219","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8281378126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","funder_display_name":"Servier"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G839208290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310388","funder_display_name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8852128998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","funder_display_name":"Servier"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8895907669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8897063270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG024904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","funder_display_name":"University of Southern California"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8957659042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-12-2-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","funder_display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306219","display_name":"Alzheimer's Association","ror":"https://ror.org/0375f4d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307115","display_name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtmwv55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308604","display_name":"Biogen","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqkb192"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309432","display_name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche","ror":"https://ror.org/00by1q217"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309470","display_name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics","ror":"https://ror.org/05jgy0m16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309697","display_name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/01j20wc74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310045","display_name":"BioClinica","ror":"https://ror.org/03t95yr58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310388","display_name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/028fhxy95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311551","display_name":"Northern California Institute for Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05p48p517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321007","display_name":"ZonMw","ror":"https://ror.org/01yaj9a77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321016","display_name":"Universiteit Maastricht","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322148","display_name":"Eisai","ror":"https://ror.org/04vvh7p27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326729","display_name":"Alzheimer Nederland","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","display_name":"Servier","ror":"https://ror.org/034e7c066"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327918","display_name":"H. Lundbeck A/S","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329118","display_name":"IXICO","ror":"https://ror.org/00paezp73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335564","display_name":"Chinese Government Scholarship","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412748795.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412748795.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562548864","https://openalex.org/W1980283223","https://openalex.org/W1985396605","https://openalex.org/W2008889697","https://openalex.org/W2009448627","https://openalex.org/W2054183703","https://openalex.org/W2062134774","https://openalex.org/W2116195449","https://openalex.org/W2118421222","https://openalex.org/W2121369614","https://openalex.org/W2160330101","https://openalex.org/W2318710952","https://openalex.org/W2513822269","https://openalex.org/W2579617530","https://openalex.org/W2587991149","https://openalex.org/W2599190942","https://openalex.org/W2602552939","https://openalex.org/W2883359435","https://openalex.org/W2952599110","https://openalex.org/W2957854144","https://openalex.org/W2961560364","https://openalex.org/W2990366895","https://openalex.org/W3013294478","https://openalex.org/W3021249782","https://openalex.org/W3037286432","https://openalex.org/W3049304614","https://openalex.org/W3061342290","https://openalex.org/W3096157475","https://openalex.org/W3202476286","https://openalex.org/W4220800641","https://openalex.org/W4241074797","https://openalex.org/W4283016888","https://openalex.org/W4291396248","https://openalex.org/W4310030124","https://openalex.org/W4313703979","https://openalex.org/W4388572442","https://openalex.org/W4389391124","https://openalex.org/W4390113460","https://openalex.org/W4391606021","https://openalex.org/W4399030346","https://openalex.org/W6829887170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"biological":[1,63],"age":[2,13,21,64,111,122],"scores":[3,22,222],"have":[4],"been":[5,183],"shown":[6,184],"to":[7,54,88,95,148,185,216],"characterize":[8,150],"aging":[9,221,228],"by":[10,136],"estimating":[11],"chronological":[12],"based":[14,67,73],"on":[15,68,74],"physiological":[16],"biomarkers,":[17],"interactions":[18],"between":[19,58,124,160],"different":[20,224],"are":[23,32,37,42,198],"largely":[24],"unknown.":[25],"To":[26],"study":[27,55],"this,":[28],"large-scale":[29],"multi-modal":[30],"data":[31,36,201],"crucial.":[33],"However,":[34],"such":[35],"scarce":[38],"as":[39],"population-based":[40,79],"cohorts":[41,115,125,196],"generally":[43],"restricted":[44,199],"in":[45,98,200],"sharing":[46],"their":[47],"data.":[48],"Here,":[49],"we":[50,81,131],"employ":[51],"federated":[52,84,103],"learning":[53,86,181],"the":[56,59,114,121,165,173,177,192,212,227],"relationship":[57],"two":[60,178],"types":[61],"of":[62,176,194,214,226],"scores:":[65],"BrainAge":[66,90,104,128,133,161,206],"brain":[69],"MRI":[70],"and":[71,91,134,140,145,162,207,219],"MetaboAge":[72,135,208],"metabolites.":[75],"Using":[76],"three":[77],"large":[78],"cohorts,":[80],"trained":[82,97,118],"a":[83,99,157,187],"deep":[85],"model":[87,105],"estimate":[89],"compared":[92,132],"its":[93],"performance":[94],"models":[96],"single":[100],"cohort.":[101],"The":[102,153,232],"yielded":[106],"significantly":[107],"lower":[108],"error":[109],"for":[110,143,172,190,211],"prediction":[112,147,213],"across":[113],"than":[116],"locally":[117],"models.":[119],"Harmonizing":[120],"interval":[123],"further":[126,149],"improved":[127],"accuracy.":[129],"Subsequently,":[130],"performing":[137],"association":[138,154,159],"analysis":[139,142,155,167],"survival":[141,166],"dementia":[144],"mortality":[146,174],"both":[151,220],"scores.":[152,179],"showed":[156],"weak":[158],"MetaboAge,":[163],"while":[164],"indicated":[168],"complementary":[169],"predictive":[170],"values":[171],"risk":[175],"Federated":[180],"has":[182],"be":[186],"valuable":[188],"technique":[189],"enabling":[191],"use":[193],"research":[195],"that":[197,205],"sharing.":[202],"We":[203],"conclude":[204],"act":[209],"synergetically":[210],"time":[215],"all-cause":[217],"mortality,":[218],"capture":[223],"aspects":[225],"process.":[229],"Supplementary":[230],"Information:":[231],"online":[233],"version":[234],"contains":[235],"supplementary":[236],"material":[237],"available":[238],"at":[239],"10.1007/s41666-025-00208-6.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}