{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2607990325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","title":"Thin-film piezoelectric and high-aspect ratio polymer leg mechanisms for millimeter-scale robotics","display_name":"Thin-film piezoelectric and high-aspect ratio polymer leg mechanisms for millimeter-scale robotics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2607990325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","mag":"2607990325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177954","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications","issn_l":"2366-5971","issn":["2366-5971","2366-598X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034753801","display_name":"Jongsoo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-6635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jongsoo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002999177","display_name":"Minchul Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minchul Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012537042","display_name":"Ryan Q. Rudy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Q. Rudy","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045806849","display_name":"Christopher Kao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Kao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103192468","display_name":"Jeffrey S. Pulskamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2802-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey S. Pulskamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021125445","display_name":"Ronald G. Polcawich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-8619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald G. Polcawich","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032749727","display_name":"Kenn R. Oldham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5962-3056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenn R. Oldham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034753801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86132048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"180","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7180013656616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.5593366026878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5528518557548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-zirconate-titanate","display_name":"Lead zirconate titanate","score":0.5366581678390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.528767466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unimorph","display_name":"Unimorph","score":0.5191152095794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4504117965698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wafer","display_name":"Wafer","score":0.4441465735435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cantilever","display_name":"Cantilever","score":0.4251954257488251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32095494866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3088797926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2811223864555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.10824370384216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10180234909057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09545066952705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectricity","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","score":0.08377227187156677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7180013656616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.5593366026878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5528518557548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781128178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q883484","display_name":"Lead zirconate titanate","level":4,"score":0.5366581678390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.528767466545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779055265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7885234","display_name":"Unimorph","level":3,"score":0.5191152095794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4504117965698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.4441465735435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141354745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17227","display_name":"Cantilever","level":2,"score":0.4251954257488251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32095494866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3088797926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2811223864555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.10824370384216309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10180234909057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09545066952705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.08377227187156677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-017-0017-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177954","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications","issn_l":"2366-5971","issn":["2366-5971","2366-598X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G363934931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI 0954422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4503516230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS 1208233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G575550222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI 1435222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28980735","https://openalex.org/W1489731227","https://openalex.org/W1545688563","https://openalex.org/W1766994375","https://openalex.org/W1832310175","https://openalex.org/W1938861318","https://openalex.org/W1976684327","https://openalex.org/W1995141085","https://openalex.org/W1997864546","https://openalex.org/W2002784171","https://openalex.org/W2003451872","https://openalex.org/W2015593613","https://openalex.org/W2017119718","https://openalex.org/W2024961690","https://openalex.org/W2034935888","https://openalex.org/W2035155402","https://openalex.org/W2036395816","https://openalex.org/W2037853213","https://openalex.org/W2041993242","https://openalex.org/W2049289698","https://openalex.org/W2049386643","https://openalex.org/W2055738152","https://openalex.org/W2057757369","https://openalex.org/W2059719935","https://openalex.org/W2060045828","https://openalex.org/W2060311256","https://openalex.org/W2069970537","https://openalex.org/W2070571828","https://openalex.org/W2083966016","https://openalex.org/W2085267376","https://openalex.org/W2087828887","https://openalex.org/W2093444517","https://openalex.org/W2094117267","https://openalex.org/W2096169664","https://openalex.org/W2097455223","https://openalex.org/W2107066991","https://openalex.org/W2109438057","https://openalex.org/W2109521135","https://openalex.org/W2113862027","https://openalex.org/W2114017970","https://openalex.org/W2135064357","https://openalex.org/W2135806545","https://openalex.org/W2150988491","https://openalex.org/W2154889720","https://openalex.org/W2159367813","https://openalex.org/W2168486995","https://openalex.org/W2417298877","https://openalex.org/W2523925451","https://openalex.org/W2529021032","https://openalex.org/W2560779122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194811446","https://openalex.org/W2770162802","https://openalex.org/W2038431281","https://openalex.org/W4226039865","https://openalex.org/W2944681675","https://openalex.org/W2155439507","https://openalex.org/W2076349672","https://openalex.org/W1975549352","https://openalex.org/W2164046839","https://openalex.org/W1994673710"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}