{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084483836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","title":"Structural studies of the global networks exposed in the Panama papers","display_name":"Structural studies of the global networks exposed in the Panama papers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084483836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","mag":"3084483836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074197492","display_name":"Mayank Kejriwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-8305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Kejriwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Ste. 1001, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Ste. 1001, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062683760","display_name":"Akarsh Dang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akarsh Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Ste. 1001, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 4676 Admiralty Way, Ste. 1001, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074197492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":1.049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75070296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assortativity","display_name":"Assortativity","score":0.9311438798904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6231408715248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.6143872141838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5930231809616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5650376677513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-science","display_name":"Network science","score":0.5422317981719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.5005180835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree-distribution","display_name":"Degree distribution","score":0.4410971403121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.42118653655052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"Social network analysis","score":0.41223135590553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.373715341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33038195967674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16975638270378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.119299978017807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89694873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810299","display_name":"Assortativity","level":3,"score":0.9311438798904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6231408715248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.6143872141838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5930231809616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5650376677513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.5422317981719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.5005180835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87414783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002603","display_name":"Degree distribution","level":3,"score":0.4410971403121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.42118653655052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.41223135590553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.373715341091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33038195967674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16975638270378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.119299978017807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3cc23cd43c648d0961ab113ad7f6fca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3cc23cd43c648d0961ab113ad7f6fca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1007/s41109-020-00313-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084483836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084483836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535065339","https://openalex.org/W1978710835","https://openalex.org/W1984815404","https://openalex.org/W1986769726","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2023155726","https://openalex.org/W2033193852","https://openalex.org/W2052262538","https://openalex.org/W2057815936","https://openalex.org/W2084619201","https://openalex.org/W2101805214","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2135578063","https://openalex.org/W2138126900","https://openalex.org/W2146040615","https://openalex.org/W2155046806","https://openalex.org/W2230749025","https://openalex.org/W2419466040","https://openalex.org/W2528717069","https://openalex.org/W2588964731","https://openalex.org/W2758786889","https://openalex.org/W2762111930","https://openalex.org/W2767544505","https://openalex.org/W2783132565","https://openalex.org/W2886841199","https://openalex.org/W2889139244","https://openalex.org/W2889500320","https://openalex.org/W2889928307","https://openalex.org/W2892786620","https://openalex.org/W2903992466","https://openalex.org/W2905271678","https://openalex.org/W2953234288","https://openalex.org/W2954834242","https://openalex.org/W2964018178","https://openalex.org/W2996992994","https://openalex.org/W3100151116","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3103955280","https://openalex.org/W3121519629","https://openalex.org/W3123136864","https://openalex.org/W3124054802","https://openalex.org/W4205655685","https://openalex.org/W4211006574","https://openalex.org/W4234260622","https://openalex.org/W4252188905","https://openalex.org/W4252718956","https://openalex.org/W4253001372","https://openalex.org/W4255280903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024982571","https://openalex.org/W2968684294","https://openalex.org/W2803897010","https://openalex.org/W2293051258","https://openalex.org/W2035423614","https://openalex.org/W2159201770","https://openalex.org/W2611574733","https://openalex.org/W2379664873","https://openalex.org/W1987004712","https://openalex.org/W4289086667"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,84],"recent":[2],"history,":[3],"the":[4,11,52,60,75,94,105,108,149,161,188],"Panama":[5,95,162],"Papers":[6,96,163],"have":[7],"comprised":[8],"one":[9],"of":[10,36,44,56,77,93,107,168,196,202],"largest":[12],"and":[13,24,29,38,54,59,102,125,131,147,176,183],"most":[14],"influential":[15],"leaks":[16],"detailing":[17],"information":[18,46,177],"on":[19],"offshore":[20],"entities,":[21],"company":[22],"officers":[23],"financial":[25],"(and":[26],"legal)":[27],"intermediaries,":[28],"has":[30],"led":[31],"to":[32,97,158],"a":[33,70,144,165,193],"global":[34],"expos\u00e9":[35],"corruption":[37],"tax":[39],"evasion.":[40],"A":[41],"systematic":[42],"analysis":[43],"this":[45,85],"can":[47,66],"provide":[48],"valuable":[49],"insights":[50],"into":[51],"structure":[53,76],"properties":[55,106],"these":[57,140,154,203],"entities":[58],"relations":[61],"between":[62],"them.":[63],"Network":[64],"science":[65],"be":[67],"applied":[68],"as":[69,192],"scientific":[71],"framework":[72],"for":[73],"understanding":[74],"such":[78,191],"relational,":[79],"heterogeneous":[80],"datasets":[81],"at":[82],"scale.":[83],"article,":[86],"we":[87],"use":[88],"an":[89],"existing,":[90],"relational":[91],"version":[92],"selectively":[98],"construct":[99,182],"various":[100],"networks,":[101],"then":[103],"study":[104],"underlying":[109],"system":[110],"using":[111],"well-defined":[112],"analytical":[113],"methods":[114],"from":[115,173,187,211],"network":[116,127,195],"science,":[117],"including":[118,216],"degree":[119,219],"properties,":[120],"country":[121],"assortativity":[122],"analyses,":[123],"connectivity":[124],"single-point":[126],"metrics":[128],"like":[129],"transitivity":[130],"density.":[132],"We":[133,179,198],"also":[134,180,206],"illustrate":[135],"significant":[136,208],"structural":[137],"features":[138],"in":[139,217],"networks":[141,169,186,205],"by":[142],"conducting":[143],"triad":[145],"census":[146],"exploring":[148],"networks\u2019":[150],"core-periphery":[151],"structure.":[152],"Together,":[153],"results":[155],"are":[156],"used":[157],"show":[159,207],"that":[160,170,200],"constitute":[164],"distinct":[166],"class":[167],"differ":[171],"significantly":[172],"ordinary":[174],"social":[175],"networks.":[178],"propose,":[181],"analyze":[184],"\u2018higher-order\u2019":[185],"raw":[189],"data,":[190],"\u2018social\u2019":[194],"officers.":[197],"confirm":[199],"some":[201],"higher-order":[204],"non-random":[209],"deviations":[210],"expected":[212],"or":[213],"typical":[214],"behavior,":[215],"their":[218],"distributions.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}