{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885268065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","title":"Referral paths in the U.S. physician network","display_name":"Referral paths in the U.S. physician network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885268065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","mag":"2885268065","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30839747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091385869","display_name":"Chuankai An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-6250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuankai An","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-6250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068655863","display_name":"A. James O\u2019Malley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126688049","display_name":"Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice","ror":"https://ror.org/0511yej17","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126688049"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. James O\u2019Malley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy and Clinical Practice in the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, 03784, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy and Clinical Practice in the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, 03784, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126688049","https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072455364","display_name":"Daniel N. Rockmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-9224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel N. Rockmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","3Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","4External Faculty, The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, 87501 NM USA","Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4External Faculty, The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, 87501 NM USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091385869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"],"apc_list":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"apc_paid":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"fwci":1.6363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86347433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12918","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12246","display_name":"Chronic Disease Management Strategies","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11620","display_name":"Medication Adherence and Compliance","score":0.9229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referral","display_name":"Referral","score":0.9456343650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5122019648551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.49717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.4886055588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.48138096928596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.39488691091537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.3445896804332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2517159581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08989289402961731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.9456343650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5122019648551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.4886055588722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.48138096928596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.39488691091537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3445896804332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2517159581184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08989289402961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30839747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30839747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied network science","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e305d60c27846c0a4aaaf4e8e7497d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e305d60c27846c0a4aaaf4e8e7497d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5176777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6214314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6214314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6214314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Appl Netw Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","pdf_url":"https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1007/s41109-018-0081-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035517252","display_name":"Applied Network Science","issn_l":"2364-8228","issn":["2364-8228"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Network Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1070266377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AG019783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G303205732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01 AG019783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4204649970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG046830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5618509505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01 AG019783","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6028407591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 AG046830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310400","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2885268065.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2885268065.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840083304","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1967974133","https://openalex.org/W1990136122","https://openalex.org/W2012057389","https://openalex.org/W2019482671","https://openalex.org/W2045228538","https://openalex.org/W2060708531","https://openalex.org/W2062326196","https://openalex.org/W2082695165","https://openalex.org/W2085054095","https://openalex.org/W2118677133","https://openalex.org/W2123504112","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2134444110","https://openalex.org/W2148351912","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2243864310","https://openalex.org/W2285064339","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2743619017","https://openalex.org/W2963105564","https://openalex.org/W3025292057","https://openalex.org/W3102476541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590224211","https://openalex.org/W2371771839","https://openalex.org/W2380083969","https://openalex.org/W1414602831","https://openalex.org/W2368434131","https://openalex.org/W2619488769","https://openalex.org/W2376026083","https://openalex.org/W3141213731","https://openalex.org/W1985627633","https://openalex.org/W2133476529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,132],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,134],"analyze":[4],"the":[5,14,21,40,54,72,97,106,112,126,148,152,157,200,205],"millions":[6],"of":[7,10,43,63,74,92,99,105,129,141,151,196,226],"referral":[8,68,86,100,137,153,168,197],"paths":[9,198],"patients\u2019":[11],"interactions":[12,93],"with":[13,174,189],"healthcare":[15,82,216],"system":[16],"for":[17,207,218],"each":[18],"year":[19],"in":[20,65,80,125,215],"2006-2011":[22],"time":[23],"period":[24],"and":[25,76,121,146,162,185,199,222],"relate":[26,118],"them":[27],"to":[28,50,123,139,155,176,179,211],"U.S.":[29],"cardiovascular":[30,130],"treatment":[31,158,191,220],"records.":[32],"For":[33],"a":[34,36,47,60,66,81,90,103,136,159,181],"patient,":[35],"\u201creferral":[37],"path\u201d":[38],"records":[39],"chronological":[41],"sequence":[42],"physicians":[44,79,113],"encountered":[45],"by":[46],"patient":[48,160,213],"(subject":[49],"certain":[51],"constraints":[52],"on":[53],"times":[55],"between":[56,78],"encounters).":[57],"It":[58],"provides":[59],"basic":[61],"unit":[62],"analysis":[64],"broader":[67],"network":[69,209],"that":[70],"encodes":[71],"flow":[73],"patients":[75],"information":[77],"system.":[83],"We":[84,116],"consider":[85],"networks":[87,108],"defined":[88],"over":[89],"range":[91],"as":[94,96,109,111],"well":[95,110],"characteristics":[98],"paths,":[101],"producing":[102],"characterization":[104],"various":[107],"they":[114],"comprise.":[115],"further":[117],"these":[119],"metrics":[120],"findings":[122],"outcomes":[124,164,221],"specific":[127],"area":[128],"care.":[131],"particular,":[133],"match":[135],"path":[138,154,169],"occurrences":[140],"Acute":[142],"Myocardial":[143],"Infarction":[144],"(AMI)":[145],"use":[147],"summary":[149],"measures":[150],"predict":[156],"receives":[161],"medical":[163,227],"following":[165],"treatment.":[166],"Some":[167],"features":[170,203],"are":[171],"more":[172,223],"significant":[173],"respect":[175],"their":[177],"ability":[178],"boost":[180],"tree-based":[182],"predictive":[183],"model,":[184],"have":[186],"stronger":[187],"correlations":[188],"numerical":[190],"outcome":[192],"variables.":[193],"The":[194],"patterns":[195],"derived":[201],"informative":[202],"illustrate":[204],"potential":[206],"using":[208],"science":[210],"optimize":[212],"referrals":[214],"systems":[217],"improved":[219],"efficient":[224],"utilization":[225],"resources.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
