{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313531632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","title":"Sphere face model: A 3D morphable model with hypersphere manifold latent space using joint 2D/3D training","display_name":"Sphere face model: A 3D morphable model with hypersphere manifold latent space using joint 2D/3D training","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313531632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052727503","display_name":"Diqiong Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diqiong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014207030","display_name":"Yiwei Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054685454","display_name":"Fang\u2010Lue Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang-Lue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand","Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102748017","display_name":"Zhe Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-9547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA","Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356849","display_name":"Yun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-886X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310019, China","Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I168879160","https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057181928","display_name":"Ruofeng Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-5354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofeng Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077671701","display_name":"Min Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-8392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052727503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0424,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77930153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"279","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersphere","display_name":"Hypersphere","score":0.7574034929275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.687829852104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.651334285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5398598909378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.490116685628891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.484181672334671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-shape-model","display_name":"Active shape model","score":0.4464628994464874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.43168947100639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4131811559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3895197808742523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776562905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306610","display_name":"Hypersphere","level":2,"score":0.7574034929275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.687829852104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.651334285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5398598909378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.490116685628891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.484181672334671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129641003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267189","display_name":"Active shape model","level":3,"score":0.4464628994464874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.43168947100639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4131811559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3895197808742523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61514f72fa3a4795aaf6df98f01c1f6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61514f72fa3a4795aaf6df98f01c1f6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 279-296 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-022-0286-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2440452572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3100847528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018C01080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338110","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7596092009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338110","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05yj3y977"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313531632.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492668189","https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1973757125","https://openalex.org/W1976295221","https://openalex.org/W1999751478","https://openalex.org/W2004068758","https://openalex.org/W2087007396","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2107813907","https://openalex.org/W2135666716","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2139739811","https://openalex.org/W2148457221","https://openalex.org/W2168722300","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2261888986","https://openalex.org/W2265959009","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2431101926","https://openalex.org/W2465108587","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2547473593","https://openalex.org/W2584229793","https://openalex.org/W2609575245","https://openalex.org/W2769666294","https://openalex.org/W2771328060","https://openalex.org/W2779651150","https://openalex.org/W2784163702","https://openalex.org/W2796822548","https://openalex.org/W2799116135","https://openalex.org/W2888908488","https://openalex.org/W2912459656","https://openalex.org/W2917887692","https://openalex.org/W2945729334","https://openalex.org/W2949007385","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963342110","https://openalex.org/W2963409406","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963557052","https://openalex.org/W2963814162","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2963915677","https://openalex.org/W2964449965","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2996739097","https://openalex.org/W2997502326","https://openalex.org/W3034193465","https://openalex.org/W3034512702","https://openalex.org/W3034656133","https://openalex.org/W3034771054","https://openalex.org/W3034798648","https://openalex.org/W3035413889","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3082708265","https://openalex.org/W3097989406","https://openalex.org/W3101227480","https://openalex.org/W3101531717","https://openalex.org/W3103152812","https://openalex.org/W3104300620","https://openalex.org/W3108294306","https://openalex.org/W3109317096","https://openalex.org/W3111487461","https://openalex.org/W3126799216","https://openalex.org/W3147525871","https://openalex.org/W3149769460","https://openalex.org/W3159631325","https://openalex.org/W3180794345","https://openalex.org/W4200049430","https://openalex.org/W6600424091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103413230","https://openalex.org/W1899364738","https://openalex.org/W43171467","https://openalex.org/W2248182120","https://openalex.org/W2134472250","https://openalex.org/W2908959303","https://openalex.org/W2347601237","https://openalex.org/W2897995864","https://openalex.org/W1775397219","https://openalex.org/W2097836861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,130,146,184],"morphable":[1],"models":[2,6,63],"(3DMMs)":[3],"are":[4,151],"generative":[5],"for":[7,60,104,186],"face":[8,15,25,61,106,131,190,213,221],"shape":[9,20,35,70,110,173,206],"and":[10,54,68,78,112,133,147,156,183,201],"appearance.":[11],"Recent":[12],"works":[13],"impose":[14],"recognition":[16,76],"constraints":[17],"on":[18],"3DMM":[19,103],"parameters":[21,36,174],"so":[22],"that":[23,171,195],"the":[24,28,34,41,47,51,66,69,96,121,134,154,167,172,176,188],"shapes":[26,214],"of":[27,37,117],"same":[29],"person":[30],"remain":[31],"consistent.":[32],"However,":[33],"traditional":[38],"3DMMs":[39],"satisfy":[40],"multivariate":[42],"Gaussian":[43],"distribution.":[44,89,178],"In":[45,73],"contrast,":[46],"identity":[48,113],"embeddings":[49],"meet":[50],"hypersphere":[52],"distribution,":[53],"this":[55,92],"conflict":[56,88],"makes":[57],"it":[58,210],"challenging":[59,217],"reconstruction":[62,79],"to":[64,86,128,165],"preserve":[65],"faithfulness":[67],"consistency":[71],"simultaneously.":[72],"other":[74],"words,":[75],"loss":[77,80,164],"can":[81,125],"not":[82],"decrease":[83],"jointly":[84],"due":[85],"their":[87],"To":[90],"address":[91],"issue,":[93],"we":[94],"propose":[95],"Sphere":[97],"Face":[98],"Model":[99],"(SFM),":[100],"a":[101,141,162],"novel":[102,163],"monocular":[105,220],"reconstruction,":[107],"preserving":[108],"both":[109],"fidelity":[111],"consistency.":[114],"The":[115,223],"core":[116],"our":[118],"SFM":[119,196],"is":[120,137],"basis":[122],"matrix":[123,136],"which":[124],"be":[126,226],"used":[127,152],"reconstruct":[129],"shapes,":[132],"basic":[135],"learned":[138],"by":[139],"adopting":[140],"two-stage":[142],"training":[143,149],"approach":[144],"where":[145],"2D":[148,182],"data":[150,185],"in":[153,204,216,219],"first":[155],"second":[157],"stages,":[158],"respectively.":[159],"We":[160],"design":[161],"resolve":[166],"distribution":[168],"mismatch,":[169],"enforcing":[170],"have":[175],"hyperspherical":[177],"Our":[179],"model":[180],"accepts":[181],"constructing":[187],"sphere":[189],"models.":[191],"Extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"show":[194],"has":[197],"high":[198],"representation":[199],"ability":[200],"clustering":[202],"performance":[203],"its":[205],"parameter":[207],"space.":[208],"Moreover,":[209],"produces":[211],"high-fidelity":[212],"consistently":[215],"conditions":[218],"reconstruction.":[222],"code":[224],"will":[225],"released":[227],"at":[228],"https://github.com/a686432/SIR":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}