{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807952157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","title":"Component SPD matrices: A low-dimensional discriminative data descriptor for image set classification","display_name":"Component SPD matrices: A low-dimensional discriminative data descriptor for image set classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807952157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","mag":"2807952157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai-Xuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Xuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao-Jun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76692481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"245","last_page":"252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.4945000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.4945000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.06300000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.05130000039935112,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7114999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6654000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4325000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7114999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6654000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49712288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77601250","display_name":"Positive-definite matrix","level":3,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182335926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093020","display_name":"Kernel principal component analysis","level":4,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103275481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6787889","display_name":"Matrix representation","level":3,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54848796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339011","display_name":"Symmetric matrix","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134517425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000131","display_name":"Kernel embedding of distributions","level":4,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195699287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915722","display_name":"Variable kernel density estimation","level":4,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75866337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280263","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","level":4,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160446489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226642","display_name":"Polynomial kernel","level":4,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.06178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.06178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.06178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab88484c321145ddbae6ab1c660a694e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab88484c321145ddbae6ab1c660a694e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 245-252 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41095-018-0119-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2487656537","display_name":"Computational Visual Media","issn_l":"2096-0433","issn":["2096-0433","2096-0662"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Visual Media","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807952157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807952157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535602073","https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1964321627","https://openalex.org/W1983496390","https://openalex.org/W2064733273","https://openalex.org/W2490980256","https://openalex.org/W2526468814","https://openalex.org/W2560413832","https://openalex.org/W2596989490","https://openalex.org/W2962772276","https://openalex.org/W2962905348","https://openalex.org/W4234552385"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32],"pattern":[1],"recognition,":[2],"the":[3,25,28,61,64,70,85,96,101,104,109,117,120,136,171],"task":[4,172],"of":[5,27,69,91,103,173],"image":[6,43,174],"set":[7,65,175],"classification":[8],"has":[9],"often":[10],"been":[11],"performed":[12],"by":[13,59],"representing":[14],"data":[15,39,165],"using":[16],"symmetric":[17,49,140],"positive":[18,50,142],"definite":[19,51],"(SPD)":[20],"matrices,":[21],"in":[22,63,100],"conjunction":[23],"with":[24],"metric":[26],"resulting":[29],"Riemannian":[30,86,127,149],"manifold.":[31,150],"this":[33],"paper,":[34],"we":[35,46,55,83],"propose":[36],"a":[37,75,148],"new":[38],"representation":[40,52],"framework":[41],"for":[42,107,170],"sets":[44,58],"which":[45],"call":[47],"component":[48],"(CSPD).":[53],"Firstly,":[54],"obtain":[56],"sub-image":[57,110,124],"dividing":[60],"images":[62],"into":[66],"square":[67],"blocks":[68],"same":[71],"size,":[72],"and":[73,122,141,144,162],"use":[74,84],"traditional":[76],"SPD":[77,169],"model":[78],"to":[79,88,131],"describe":[80],"them.":[81],"Then,":[82],"kernel":[87,105,128],"determine":[89],"similarities":[90],"corresponding":[92],"subimage":[93],"sets.":[94,125],"Finally,":[95],"CSPD":[97,137,158],"matrix":[98,106,138],"appears":[99],"form":[102],"all":[108],"sets;":[111],"its":[112],"i,":[113],"j-th":[114,123],"entry":[115],"measures":[116],"similarity":[118],"between":[119],"i-th":[121],"The":[126],"is":[129,139,159],"shown":[130],"satisfy":[132],"Mercer\u2019s":[133],"theorem,":[134],"so":[135],"definite,":[143],"also":[145],"lies":[146],"on":[147,152],"Test":[151],"three":[153],"benchmark":[154],"datasets":[155],"shows":[156],"that":[157],"both":[160],"lower-dimensional":[161],"more":[163],"discriminative":[164],"descriptor":[166],"than":[167],"standard":[168],"classification.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2018-06-21T00:00:00"}