{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416301318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","title":"Operationalizing and Automating Data Validation in Data Spaces","display_name":"Operationalizing and Automating Data Validation in Data Spaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416301318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120406855","display_name":"Achraf Hmimou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0448-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Achraf Hmimou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0448-3406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083754826","display_name":"Petar Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4635-6646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Jovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013379001","display_name":"Sergi Nadal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-952X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergi Nadal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025851055","display_name":"Oscar E Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012828540","display_name":"Anna Queralt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-2955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Queralt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, C. Jordi Girona, 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120406855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"apc_paid":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"fwci":2.2123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89763056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"303","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.49219998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.49219998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.062300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-validation","display_name":"Data validation","score":0.6033999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-verification","display_name":"Data verification","score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.34709998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8574000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.6664999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6360999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.6033999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49895821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227368","display_name":"Data verification","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775948798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160261","display_name":"Conformance checking","level":5,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135572916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351","display_name":"Data warehouse","level":2,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100463513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227322","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/449017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/449017","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/7a41b5a9-5e5c-40f0-a18a-9438c6c57c8e/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1d21c7fc5f846c2b68bac684198a408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1d21c7fc5f846c2b68bac684198a408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 303-323 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00317-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1855990336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2660406951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/ AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5421974903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7885268161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101135513","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G877331727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2023-152841OA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416301318.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416301318.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541535863","https://openalex.org/W2079484041","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2972787468","https://openalex.org/W2985349731","https://openalex.org/W3009452520","https://openalex.org/W3010336026","https://openalex.org/W3014009610","https://openalex.org/W3042469317","https://openalex.org/W3087485043","https://openalex.org/W3096533759","https://openalex.org/W3138815606","https://openalex.org/W3185987447","https://openalex.org/W4205539565","https://openalex.org/W4281641410","https://openalex.org/W4286543797","https://openalex.org/W4293657808","https://openalex.org/W4311927641","https://openalex.org/W4319317939","https://openalex.org/W4367310070","https://openalex.org/W4367310398","https://openalex.org/W4367310514","https://openalex.org/W4367311036","https://openalex.org/W4375840928","https://openalex.org/W4387783429","https://openalex.org/W4388099366","https://openalex.org/W4392948953","https://openalex.org/W4399561178","https://openalex.org/W4404725171","https://openalex.org/W4405198560","https://openalex.org/W4405614678","https://openalex.org/W6903111808"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Data":[1],"spaces":[2],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7],"innovative":[8],"paradigm":[9],"for":[10,47,52,56,105],"cross-organizational":[11],"data":[12,19,26,38,49,54,71,75,91,125,139,165],"sharing.":[13],"These":[14],"decentralized":[15],"environments":[16],"require":[17],"sophisticated":[18],"governance":[20],"protocols":[21],"to":[22,69,114],"ensure":[23],"compliance":[24,106],"with":[25,74,151],"standards,":[27],"roles":[28],"and":[29,41,89,122,135],"policies.":[30,76],"While":[31],"current":[32],"policy-based":[33],"solutions":[34],"address":[35,60],"enforcement":[36],"of":[37,83,111,124,148,154,160],"access":[39],"control":[40],"usage":[42,110],"rights,":[43],"they":[44],"lack":[45],"mechanisms":[46],"automated":[48],"validation":[50,72,92,126,140],"-essential":[51],"ensuring":[53],"quality":[55],"collaborative":[57],"analytics.":[58],"To":[59],"this":[61,161],"gap,":[62],"we":[63],"present":[64],"a":[65,152],"knowledge":[66,112],"graph-based":[67],"framework":[68,78],"automate":[70],"inline":[73],"This":[77],"relies":[79],"on":[80,141],"the":[81,109,116,120,129,146,158],"concept":[82,155],"policy":[84,117,133],"checkers,":[85],"which":[86],"represent":[87],"high-level":[88],"technology-agnostic":[90],"plans":[93],"that":[94,156],"can":[95],"be":[96],"dynamically":[97],"translated":[98],"into":[99],"technology-specific":[100,136],"user":[101],"defined":[102],"functions":[103],"(UDFs)":[104],"checking.":[107],"Importantly,":[108],"graphs":[113],"describe":[115],"checkers":[118,134],"enhances":[119],"transparency":[121],"traceability":[123],"processes,":[127],"while":[128],"two-stage":[130],"process":[131],"(technology-agnostic":[132],"UDFs)":[137],"accommodate":[138],"multimodal":[142],"data.":[143],"We":[144],"accompany":[145],"description":[147],"our":[149],"approach":[150],"proof":[153],"demonstrates":[157],"feasibility":[159],"solution":[162],"in":[163],"real":[164],"spaces.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}