{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411587884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","title":"Embedding Models for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection in Industry 5.0","display_name":"Embedding Models for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection in Industry 5.0","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411587884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099842914","display_name":"Lorenzo Colombi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9681-9842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Colombi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9681-9842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093591165","display_name":"Michela Vespa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4350-8151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michela Vespa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4350-8151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118609539","display_name":"Nicolas Belletti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Belletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6053-433X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106494714","display_name":"Matteo Brina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Brina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2363-8509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193583","display_name":"Simon Dahdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Dahdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-9773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117018333","display_name":"Filippo Tabanelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Tabanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9661-394X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118609540","display_name":"Francesco Resca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Resca","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9900-717X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086614839","display_name":"Elena Bellodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-3779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Bellodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-3779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067650842","display_name":"Mauro Tortonesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7417-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Tortonesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7417-4455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088317910","display_name":"Cesare Stefanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-1836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesare Stefanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-1836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102699314","display_name":"Massimiliano Vignoli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096652","display_name":"Ospedale di Rivoli","ror":"https://ror.org/00swfce58","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096652"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Vignoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bonfiglioli S.P.A., Via Cav. Clementino Bonfiglioli, 1, Calderara di Reno, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bonfiglioli S.P.A., Via Cav. Clementino Bonfiglioli, 1, Calderara di Reno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096652"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099842914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"apc_list":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"apc_paid":{"value":1290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1290},"fwci":8.5402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97303249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"378","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.7963416576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7514750957489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7444138526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.704355001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5823938250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5279706716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5178778171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.49127906560897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3676797151565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2981109023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17533209919929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07870855927467346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.7963416576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7514750957489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7444138526916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.704355001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5823938250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5279706716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5178778171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.49127906560897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3676797151565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2981109023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17533209919929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07870855927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e57a02d1c690483f901ddd7f7287d05e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e57a02d1c690483f901ddd7f7287d05e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 378-394 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sfera.unife.it:11392/2600770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41019-025-00295-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4497323679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D43C22001240001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8079952418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J33C22002830006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411587884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411587884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2142047467","https://openalex.org/W2160200351","https://openalex.org/W2606670703","https://openalex.org/W2608847424","https://openalex.org/W2760651339","https://openalex.org/W2911627187","https://openalex.org/W2930650313","https://openalex.org/W2983579676","https://openalex.org/W3023780296","https://openalex.org/W3034567317","https://openalex.org/W3037316620","https://openalex.org/W3042046988","https://openalex.org/W3081138975","https://openalex.org/W3081497074","https://openalex.org/W3095970110","https://openalex.org/W3104422614","https://openalex.org/W3190748826","https://openalex.org/W3200552577","https://openalex.org/W4211131220","https://openalex.org/W4242546747","https://openalex.org/W4288057688","https://openalex.org/W4312458394","https://openalex.org/W4312891154","https://openalex.org/W4319319155","https://openalex.org/W4322806545","https://openalex.org/W4360995249","https://openalex.org/W4383503685","https://openalex.org/W4387117791","https://openalex.org/W4387415163","https://openalex.org/W4388334594","https://openalex.org/W4389077638","https://openalex.org/W4389952045","https://openalex.org/W4391514872","https://openalex.org/W4396643377","https://openalex.org/W4400234037","https://openalex.org/W4401586224","https://openalex.org/W4402034096","https://openalex.org/W4402763901","https://openalex.org/W4405104079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Industrial":[1],"processes":[2],"often":[3,149],"involve":[4],"the":[5,7,18,25,32,39,109],"generation\u2014and":[6],"analysis\u2014of":[8],"multivariate":[9,90],"time":[10,91],"series":[11,92],"data,":[12],"which":[13,148],"poses":[14],"several":[15,105],"challenges":[16],"from":[17,134],"anomaly":[19,70,113],"detection":[20,71],"perspective.":[21],"In":[22],"addition":[23],"to":[24,27,88,107],"need":[26],"detect":[28],"previously":[29],"unseen":[30],"anomalies,":[31],"high":[33,158],"dimensionality":[34],"of":[35,41,112],"industrial":[36,50,128],"datasets":[37,51],"introduces":[38,74],"complexity":[40],"simultaneously":[42],"analyzing":[43],"multiple":[44],"features":[45],"and":[46,81,97,101,125],"their":[47,86],"interactions.":[48],"Finally,":[49],"are":[52],"typically":[53],"highly":[54],"imbalanced,":[55],"with":[56,104,151],"minimal":[57],"information":[58],"on":[59,79],"anomalous":[60],"processes.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"these":[64],"issues,":[65],"we":[66],"propose":[67],"a":[68,120,126,135],"novel":[69],"framework":[72],"that":[73],"two":[75],"embedding":[76],"models,":[77],"based":[78],"Time2Vec":[80],"Discrete":[82],"Wavelet":[83],"Transforms,":[84],"leveraging":[85],"capabilities":[87],"represent":[89],"as":[93],"vectors":[94],"while":[95],"capturing":[96],"preserving":[98],"temporal":[99],"dependencies":[100],"combining":[102],"them":[103],"classifiers":[106],"enhance":[108],"overall":[110],"performance":[111,159],"detection.":[114],"We":[115],"tested":[116],"our":[117,154],"solution":[118],"using":[119],"publicly":[121],"available":[122],"benchmark":[123],"dataset":[124],"real":[127],"use":[129],"case,":[130],"particularly":[131],"data":[132],"collected":[133],"Bonfiglioli":[136],"gear":[137],"manufacturing":[138],"plant.":[139],"The":[140],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that,":[143],"unlike":[144],"traditional":[145],"reconstruction-based":[146],"autoencoders,":[147],"struggle":[150],"sporadic":[152],"noise,":[153],"embedding-based":[155],"solutions":[156],"maintain":[157],"across":[160],"various":[161],"noise":[162],"conditions.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}