{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527113903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","title":"A Practical Privacy-Preserving Recommender System","display_name":"A Practical Privacy-Preserving Recommender System","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527113903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","mag":"2527113903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41019-016-0020-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41019-016-0020-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048107620","display_name":"Shahriar Badsha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-4833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahriar Badsha","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709723","display_name":"Xun Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068423418","display_name":"Ibrahim Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048107620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98583931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"161","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9078624844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8069995641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elgamal-encryption","display_name":"ElGamal encryption","score":0.7759757041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6732426285743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.6551156044006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6252466440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5346967577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5202347040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.4793623089790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.45872825384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.43106207251548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.42543017864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.4182093143463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3017292320728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.22032392024993896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9078624844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8069995641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11045955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162410","display_name":"ElGamal encryption","level":4,"score":0.7759757041931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6732426285743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.6551156044006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6252466440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5346967577934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5202347040176392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.4793623089790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.45872825384140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.43106207251548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.42543017864227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.4182093143463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3017292320728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.22032392024993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41019-016-0020-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27495717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0020-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs41019-016-0020-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486411021","display_name":"Data Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2364-1185","issn":["2364-1185","2364-1541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527113903.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2527113903.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17579607","https://openalex.org/W1562767160","https://openalex.org/W1908635827","https://openalex.org/W1969007391","https://openalex.org/W1973242529","https://openalex.org/W2022097286","https://openalex.org/W2056241596","https://openalex.org/W2070786785","https://openalex.org/W2088722149","https://openalex.org/W2109134141","https://openalex.org/W2109732325","https://openalex.org/W2122997783","https://openalex.org/W2124558600","https://openalex.org/W2145241316","https://openalex.org/W2155106456","https://openalex.org/W2169101582","https://openalex.org/W2219888463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2312500729","https://openalex.org/W2518050971","https://openalex.org/W3010024830","https://openalex.org/W3106998306","https://openalex.org/W2151519129","https://openalex.org/W2985442649","https://openalex.org/W1484081998","https://openalex.org/W2902659942","https://openalex.org/W2963996977","https://openalex.org/W1528334372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,163],"main":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,31,50,88,101,158,165,174],"a":[4,125],"personalized":[5],"recommender":[6,127],"system":[7,128,135],"is":[8,92,146],"to":[9,16,21,27,48,84,94,116],"provide":[10,137],"useful":[11],"recommendations":[12,138],"on":[13,148],"various":[14,29],"items":[15],"the":[17,24,79,96,109,117,134,141,149,166],"users.":[18],"In":[19,82],"order":[20,83],"generate":[22],"recommendations,":[23],"service":[25],"needs":[26],"access":[28,76],"types":[30],"user":[32,97],"data":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,53,179,181],"previous":[36],"product":[37],"purchasing":[38],"history,":[39],"demographic":[40],"and":[41,156,176],"biographical":[42],"information.":[43],"However,":[44],"users":[45],"are":[46,65],"sensitive":[47],"disclosure":[49],"personal":[51,89],"information":[52,98,114],"it":[54,91],"can":[55,136,160],"be":[56,161],"easily":[57],"misused":[58],"by":[59,99,111,132,152],"malicious":[60],"third":[61],"parties.":[62],"Consequently,":[63],"there":[64],"unavoidable":[66],"security":[67],"concerns":[68],"which":[69,133,153],"will":[70],"become":[71],"known":[72],"through":[73],"attempted":[74],"unauthorized":[75],"while":[77,106],"providing":[78],"recommendation":[80,110],"services.":[81],"protect":[85],"against":[86],"breaches":[87],"information,":[90],"necessary":[93],"obfuscate":[95],"means":[100],"an":[102],"efficient":[103],"encryption":[104],"technique":[105],"simultaneously":[107],"generating":[108],"making":[112],"true":[113],"inaccessible":[115],"system.":[118],"To":[119],"address":[120],"these":[121],"challenges,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"privacy-preserving":[126],"using":[129],"homomorphic":[130],"encryption,":[131],"without":[139],"knowing":[140],"actual":[142],"ratings.":[143],"Our":[144],"approach":[145],"based":[147],"ElGamal":[150],"cryptosystem":[151],"both":[154],"addition":[155],"multiplication":[157],"plaintexts":[159],"performed.":[162],"performance":[164],"proposed":[167],"scheme":[168],"shows":[169],"significantly":[170],"high":[171],"accuracy":[172],"in-terms":[173],"computation":[175],"communication":[177],"costs":[178],"well":[180],"outperforming":[182],"other":[183],"existing":[184],"solutions.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}