{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916760788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","title":"What it takes to boost Internet of Things privacy beyond encryption with unobservable communication: a survey and lessons learned from the first implementation of DC-net","display_name":"What it takes to boost Internet of Things privacy beyond encryption with unobservable communication: a survey and lessons learned from the first implementation of DC-net","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916760788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","mag":"2916760788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2475775703","display_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","issn_l":"2199-4668","issn":["2199-4668","2199-4676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068676382","display_name":"Ralf C. Staudemeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128802","display_name":"Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02nq4wt82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128802"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralf C. Staudemeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences, Schmalkalden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences, Schmalkalden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063734323","display_name":"Henrich C. P\u00f6hls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrich C. P\u00f6hls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of IT-Security and Security Law (ISL), Chair of IT-Security, University of Passau, Passau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of IT-Security and Security Law (ISL), Chair of IT-Security, University of Passau, Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063652061","display_name":"Marcin W\u00f3jcik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin W\u00f3jcik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068676382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128802"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.8672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80223093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable","display_name":"Unobservable","score":0.9403419494628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7499979138374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6166350841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6040709614753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5683603286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5168567299842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48278629779815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1269732117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07680782675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.06175532937049866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.9403419494628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7499979138374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6166350841522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6040709614753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5683603286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5168567299842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48278629779815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1269732117652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07680782675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.06175532937049866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2475775703","display_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","issn_l":"2199-4668","issn":["2199-4668","2199-4676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40860-019-00075-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2475775703","display_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","issn_l":"2199-4668","issn":["2199-4668","2199-4676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165582248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"644866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2278415229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"780315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4775422595","display_name":"PRIvacy and Security MAintaining services in the CLOUD","funder_award_id":"644962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5752909607","display_name":"REliable, Resilient and secUre IoT for sMart city applications","funder_award_id":"609094","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909986908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"644866","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916760788.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916760788.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67186712","https://openalex.org/W174362428","https://openalex.org/W287184503","https://openalex.org/W565531337","https://openalex.org/W1558317064","https://openalex.org/W1564775601","https://openalex.org/W1577231857","https://openalex.org/W1591180318","https://openalex.org/W1594668186","https://openalex.org/W1601454324","https://openalex.org/W1615009901","https://openalex.org/W1632195884","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1681309784","https://openalex.org/W1822930927","https://openalex.org/W1834982738","https://openalex.org/W1910751411","https://openalex.org/W1952958290","https://openalex.org/W1968979302","https://openalex.org/W1970185798","https://openalex.org/W1972012147","https://openalex.org/W2003544295","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2010109924","https://openalex.org/W2016353313","https://openalex.org/W2028870095","https://openalex.org/W2037107113","https://openalex.org/W2042804814","https://openalex.org/W2054514749","https://openalex.org/W2060697189","https://openalex.org/W2065257335","https://openalex.org/W2079618675","https://openalex.org/W2084069552","https://openalex.org/W2087811006","https://openalex.org/W2093186160","https://openalex.org/W2096472369","https://openalex.org/W2096488223","https://openalex.org/W2099858845","https://openalex.org/W2103299932","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2112700013","https://openalex.org/W2119046642","https://openalex.org/W2125555950","https://openalex.org/W2138001464","https://openalex.org/W2144524068","https://openalex.org/W2150248082","https://openalex.org/W2159065056","https://openalex.org/W2174056151","https://openalex.org/W2234639732","https://openalex.org/W2271624102","https://openalex.org/W2280971486","https://openalex.org/W2292068203","https://openalex.org/W2325877089","https://openalex.org/W2480162961","https://openalex.org/W2507130841","https://openalex.org/W2549575089","https://openalex.org/W2553652196","https://openalex.org/W2559754576","https://openalex.org/W2605760180","https://openalex.org/W2743203710","https://openalex.org/W2751387531","https://openalex.org/W2755594459","https://openalex.org/W2755908370","https://openalex.org/W2756383220","https://openalex.org/W2767072213","https://openalex.org/W2784466404","https://openalex.org/W2887791404","https://openalex.org/W2887830519","https://openalex.org/W2889002388","https://openalex.org/W2923906412","https://openalex.org/W2932741641","https://openalex.org/W2951152347","https://openalex.org/W2952639448","https://openalex.org/W3154662932","https://openalex.org/W4230622395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614563012","https://openalex.org/W4293337373","https://openalex.org/W1968533609","https://openalex.org/W1984270607","https://openalex.org/W2349333549","https://openalex.org/W2116445905","https://openalex.org/W2486803649","https://openalex.org/W3140685204","https://openalex.org/W2151842462","https://openalex.org/W1541823634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy":[0,12],"requires":[1,25],"more":[2],"than":[3],"just":[4],"encryption":[5,58,127],"of":[6,65,102,110,119,128,175,239,259],"data":[7],"before":[8],"and":[9,81,177,181],"during":[10],"transmission.":[11],"would":[13],"actually":[14],"demand":[15],"hiding":[16],"the":[17,33,47,79,96,99,103,107,120,137,149,173,193,199,208,236,240],"sheer":[18],"fact":[19],"that":[20,50,78,228,247],"communication":[21,147,157,191],"takes":[22],"place.":[23,133],"This":[24,151],"to":[26,93,130,144,188,198,234],"protect":[27],"meta-data":[28],"from":[29,207],"observation.":[30],"We":[31,134,201,245],"motivate":[32],"need":[34],"for":[35,148,154],"strong":[36,122,215],"privacy":[37,48,237],"protection":[38,216],"in":[39,95,132,192,213,217],"a":[40,63,117,257],"smart":[41],"home":[42],"use":[43,94,220],"case":[44],"by":[45,54,85],"highlighting":[46],"issues":[49],"cannot":[51],"be":[52,131,142,196,250],"solved":[53],"confidentiality":[55],"mechanisms":[56,153],"like":[57,126,158,163],"alone.":[59],"Our":[60],"solution":[61],"is":[62,106],"implementation":[64,109],"DC-net":[66,111],"on":[67,112,166,242],"Re-Mote":[68],"sensor":[69],"nodes":[70],"running":[71],"Contiki":[72],"OS.":[73],"From":[74],"this,":[75],"we":[76,115,179,223],"conclude":[77],"computational":[80],"network":[82],"overheads":[83],"imposed":[84],"these":[86,230],"techniques":[87,140],"do":[88],"not":[89],"make":[90],"them":[91],"impractical":[92],"IoT.":[97,150,200],"To":[98],"best":[100],"knowledge":[101],"authors,":[104],"this":[105,218,248],"first":[108],"sensors.":[113],"Alongside,":[114],"provide":[116,189],"survey":[118,203],"required":[121],"cryptographic":[123],"security":[124],"mechanisms,":[125],"communication,":[129],"describe":[135],"how":[136,183],"current":[138],"existing":[139],"can":[141,195],"facilitated":[143],"achieve":[145],"unobservable":[146],"includes":[152],"encrypted":[155],"IoT":[156,167,209,241,253],"DTLS":[159],"or":[160],"message":[161],"authentication":[162],"ECDSA":[164],"signatures":[165],"devices.":[168],"For":[169],"readers":[170],"unfamiliar":[171],"with":[172],"concepts":[174],"MIXing":[176],"DC-net,":[178],"explain":[180],"analyse":[182],"those":[184],"techniques,":[185],"formerly":[186],"used":[187],"private":[190],"Internet,":[194],"applied":[197],"briefly":[202],"what":[204],"complementary":[205],"features":[206],"architecture":[210],"are":[211],"helpful":[212],"providing":[214],"particular":[219],"case.":[221],"Finally,":[222],"state":[224],"some":[225],"recommendations":[226],"hoping":[227],"following":[229],"will":[231,249],"enable":[232],"us":[233,265],"reduce":[235],"invasiveness":[238],"all":[243],"levels.":[244],"think":[246],"indispensable":[251],"if":[252],"devices":[254],"shall":[255],"become":[256],"part":[258],"our":[260],"daily":[261],"lives":[262],"without":[263],"rendering":[264],"into":[266],"an":[267],"Orwellian":[268],"society.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}