{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413363655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","title":"A framework for continual learning in real-time traffic forecasting utilizing spatial\u2013temporal graph convolutional recurrent networks","display_name":"A framework for continual learning in real-time traffic forecasting utilizing spatial\u2013temporal graph convolutional recurrent networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413363655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031804214","display_name":"Mariam Labib Francies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-049X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Labib Francies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102429337","display_name":"Abeer T. Khalil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeer Twakol Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075561369","display_name":"Hanan M. Amer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanan M. Amer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075069063","display_name":"Mohamed Maher Ata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-9717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150948","display_name":"Zewail City of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5f4y88","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150948"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Maher Ata","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computational Sciences and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Zewail City of Science and Technology 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computational Sciences and Artificial Intelligence (CSAI) Zewail City of Science and Technology 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075069063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150948"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":4.2699,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94074144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.6444786190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6354575157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5813478827476501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5507388114929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45209744572639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4468916356563568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2168143391609192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.6444786190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6354575157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5813478827476501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5507388114929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45209744572639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4468916356563568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2168143391609192}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:85ff97ee803840b79c40319446e3bd35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/85ff97ee803840b79c40319446e3bd35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 10, Pp 1-28 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-02049-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413363655.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413363655.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3001314220","https://openalex.org/W3087775916","https://openalex.org/W3092330357","https://openalex.org/W3097816393","https://openalex.org/W3098366174","https://openalex.org/W3119139689","https://openalex.org/W3157891728","https://openalex.org/W3162782851","https://openalex.org/W3167197358","https://openalex.org/W3172401916","https://openalex.org/W3174022889","https://openalex.org/W3193007873","https://openalex.org/W3196509869","https://openalex.org/W3202418456","https://openalex.org/W3208526321","https://openalex.org/W4200547309","https://openalex.org/W4206788904","https://openalex.org/W4206999544","https://openalex.org/W4223911705","https://openalex.org/W4226279152","https://openalex.org/W4302775088","https://openalex.org/W4309675277","https://openalex.org/W4309930295","https://openalex.org/W4312238419","https://openalex.org/W4312529005","https://openalex.org/W4313143666","https://openalex.org/W4319054544","https://openalex.org/W4323566497","https://openalex.org/W4365420763","https://openalex.org/W4382133464","https://openalex.org/W4382449675","https://openalex.org/W4385805582","https://openalex.org/W4385863749","https://openalex.org/W4386065605","https://openalex.org/W4386857682","https://openalex.org/W4388039671","https://openalex.org/W4388850517","https://openalex.org/W4389955386","https://openalex.org/W4391987728","https://openalex.org/W4400945465","https://openalex.org/W4401484390","https://openalex.org/W4401495975","https://openalex.org/W4401863702","https://openalex.org/W4402315232","https://openalex.org/W4402319113","https://openalex.org/W4404069928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Traffic":[1],"flow":[2,108,243],"prediction":[3,244],"is":[4,155],"essential":[5],"for":[6,33,102,249],"enhancing":[7,139],"urban":[8,28],"mobility":[9],"and":[10,60,70,104,123,203,215,240,254],"facilitating":[11],"effective":[12],"transportation":[13,252],"systems.":[14],"The":[15],"rapid":[16],"increase":[17],"in":[18,68,221,236,251],"traffic":[19,74,107,146,151,165,189,242],"data,":[20],"along":[21],"with":[22],"the":[23,92,127,132,158,173,176,183,199,207,210,231,247],"inherently":[24],"dynamic":[25,69],"characteristics":[26],"of":[27,134,175,209,233],"traffic,":[29],"poses":[30],"considerable":[31],"challenges":[32],"traditional":[34],"Machine":[35],"Learning":[36,51,178],"(ML)":[37],"models,":[38,212],"which":[39],"often":[40],"find":[41],"it":[42],"difficult":[43],"to":[44,62,142,163,185,187,225],"efficiently":[45],"handle":[46],"large-scale":[47],"datasets.":[48],"Although":[49],"Deep":[50],"(DL)":[52],"models":[53,217],"demonstrate":[54],"potential,":[55],"their":[56,66],"significant":[57,219],"computational":[58],"requirements":[59],"susceptibility":[61],"catastrophic":[63,135],"forgetting":[64,136],"limit":[65],"effectiveness":[67],"real-time":[71],"contexts,":[72],"including":[73],"emergencies":[75],"or":[76],"evolving":[77],"road":[78],"networks.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"these":[82],"challenges,":[83],"this":[84],"research":[85],"presents":[86],"an":[87],"innovative":[88],"framework":[89],"known":[90],"as":[91,114],"Continual":[93,177],"Learning-based":[94],"Spatial\u2013Temporal":[95],"Graph":[96],"Convolutional":[97],"Recurrent":[98],"Neural":[99],"Network":[100],"(STGNN-CL)":[101],"persistent":[103],"accurate":[105],"long-term":[106],"prediction.":[109],"By":[110],"utilizing":[111,157],"techniques":[112],"such":[113],"Elastic":[115],"Weight":[116],"Consolidation":[117],"(EWC),":[118],"Memory":[119],"Aware":[120],"Synapses":[121],"(MAS),":[122],"Synaptic":[124],"Intelligence":[125],"(SI),":[126],"proposed":[128,211],"model":[129,184],"effectively":[130,192],"addresses":[131],"issue":[133],"while":[137],"simultaneously":[138],"its":[140],"capacity":[141],"incrementally":[143],"assimilate":[144],"new":[145,188],"data":[147],"streams.":[148],"An":[149],"advanced":[150],"pattern":[152],"fusion":[153],"strategy":[154],"introduced,":[156],"Kullback\u2013Leibler":[159],"Divergence":[160],"(KLD)":[161],"metric":[162],"measure":[164],"divergence":[166],"across":[167],"different":[168],"scenarios.":[169],"This":[170],"approach":[171],"improves":[172],"efficiency":[174],"(CL)":[179],"process":[180],"by":[181],"enabling":[182],"adapt":[186],"patterns":[190],"more":[191],"over":[193],"time.":[194],"Extensive":[195],"experiments":[196],"conducted":[197],"on":[198],"PeMSD3,":[200],"PeMSD4,":[201],"PeMSD7,":[202],"PeMSD8":[204],"datasets":[205],"reveal":[206],"superiority":[208],"STGCN-EWC,":[213],"STGCN-MAS,":[214],"STGCN-SI":[216],"achieve":[218],"reductions":[220],"error":[222],"rates":[223],"compared":[224],"baseline":[226],"methodologies.":[227],"These":[228],"results":[229],"highlight":[230],"potential":[232],"continual":[234],"learning":[235],"developing":[237],"efficient,":[238],"scalable,":[239],"adaptive":[241],"systems,":[245],"paving":[246],"way":[248],"advancements":[250],"management":[253],"autonomous":[255],"driving":[256],"technologies.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}