{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408010118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","title":"Pattern mining-based evolutionary multi-objective algorithm for beam angle optimization in intensity-modulated radiotherapy","display_name":"Pattern mining-based evolutionary multi-objective algorithm for beam angle optimization in intensity-modulated radiotherapy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408010118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959312","display_name":"Ruifen Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-3422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruifen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073966867","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tielu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tielu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032914795","display_name":"Langchun Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0476-7552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langchun Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111092341","display_name":"Xi Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3558-5607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028634381","display_name":"Xingyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101959312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":1.7223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7881848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14156","display_name":"Engineering Applied Research","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.776231586933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.6263400316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5966353416442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5221852660179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.42862409353256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41338279843330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.39065268635749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37608930468559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3473604619503021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24105608463287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2072412073612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19460374116897583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.776231586933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6263400316238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5966353416442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5221852660179138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.42862409353256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41338279843330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39065268635749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37608930468559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3473604619503021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24105608463287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2072412073612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19460374116897583}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e0d3f5017f9343caac3e029191fc76a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e0d3f5017f9343caac3e029191fc76a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-025-01809-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8825322727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408010118.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973695742","https://openalex.org/W1977943938","https://openalex.org/W1988402330","https://openalex.org/W1995474354","https://openalex.org/W1996229052","https://openalex.org/W2004233638","https://openalex.org/W2006626394","https://openalex.org/W2007510360","https://openalex.org/W2019538156","https://openalex.org/W2027948342","https://openalex.org/W2028202986","https://openalex.org/W2030863085","https://openalex.org/W2047916150","https://openalex.org/W2057309390","https://openalex.org/W2063094280","https://openalex.org/W2082129374","https://openalex.org/W2085507535","https://openalex.org/W2089547408","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2128830305","https://openalex.org/W2152241019","https://openalex.org/W2153654820","https://openalex.org/W2327256747","https://openalex.org/W2764251381","https://openalex.org/W2793236676","https://openalex.org/W2888354186","https://openalex.org/W2962947982","https://openalex.org/W2996895692","https://openalex.org/W3036925570","https://openalex.org/W3116987230","https://openalex.org/W3147142721","https://openalex.org/W3199027776","https://openalex.org/W4206448543","https://openalex.org/W4220988193","https://openalex.org/W4313476511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394059703","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W2391924736","https://openalex.org/W3133779647","https://openalex.org/W1560122427","https://openalex.org/W3041827036","https://openalex.org/W1993493607","https://openalex.org/W2021957875","https://openalex.org/W2802808995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0],"multi-objective":[1,55],"algorithms":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"applied":[5],"to":[6,27,69,77,95,114,117,122],"beam":[7,81,103,141],"angle":[8,82],"optimization":[9],"(called":[10],"BAO)":[11],"for":[12,63],"generating":[13],"diverse":[14],"trade-off":[15],"radiotherapy":[16],"treatment":[17],"plans.":[18],"However,":[19],"their":[20],"performance":[21,158],"is":[22,93,134],"not":[23],"so":[24],"effective":[25],"due":[26],"the":[28,32,65,71,79,86,89,97,109,119,124,138,156,160],"ignorance":[29],"of":[30,73,102,108,126,140,159],"using":[31,64,137],"specific":[33],"clinical":[34,42,152],"knowledge":[35,66],"that":[36],"can":[37],"be":[38],"obtain":[39],"intuitively":[40],"by":[41,136,144],"physicist.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"this":[46,145],"issue,":[47],"we":[48],"suggest":[49],"a":[50,129],"pattern":[51,90],"mining":[52,91],"based":[53],"evolutionary":[54],"algorithm":[56,162],"called":[57],"PM-EMA,":[58],"in":[59,105],"which":[60],"two":[61],"strategies":[62],"are":[67],"proposed":[68,135,161],"accelerate":[70],"speed":[72],"population":[74,110,131],"convergence.":[75,120],"Firstly,":[76],"discover":[78],"potential":[80],"distribution":[83],"and":[84,99,111],"discard":[85],"worse":[87],"angles,":[88],"strategy":[92,133],"used":[94],"detect":[96],"maximum":[98],"minimum":[100],"sets":[101],"angles":[104,142],"non-dominated":[106],"solutions":[107],"utilize":[112],"them":[113],"generate":[115],"offspring":[116],"enhance":[118],"Moreover,":[121],"improve":[123],"quality":[125],"initial":[127],"solutions,":[128],"tailored":[130],"initialization":[132],"score":[139],"defined":[143],"study.":[146],"The":[147],"experimental":[148],"results":[149],"on":[150],"six":[151,164],"cancer":[153],"cases":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"superior":[157],"over":[163],"representative":[165],"algorithms.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
