{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406009187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","title":"APDL: an adaptive step size method for white-box adversarial attacks","display_name":"APDL: an adaptive step size method for white-box adversarial attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406009187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034405559","display_name":"Jiale Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1664-2935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394767","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-0931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054028325","display_name":"Changzheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739604","display_name":"Ronghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-6171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083061249","display_name":"Junwei Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101937658","display_name":"Yi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036224267","display_name":"Yuedong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102208913","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801312332","display_name":"Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","ror":"https://ror.org/03hcmxw73","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuedong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Network Information Security, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801312332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034405559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102208913","https://openalex.org/I2801312332"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":15.6742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98550718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.7582853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7471575736999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box","display_name":"White box","score":0.556854784488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.5534998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5253424048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34205132722854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15301543474197388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.7582853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7471575736999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180932941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997233","display_name":"White box","level":2,"score":0.556854784488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5534998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5253424048423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34205132722854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15301543474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f95d25a48cb41c6a431722580ca2d40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f95d25a48cb41c6a431722580ca2d40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01748-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322542","display_name":"Shihezi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x0kvm78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406009187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406009187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963448658","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964205597","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2981597369","https://openalex.org/W2991654466","https://openalex.org/W3091722391","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3106412272","https://openalex.org/W3108341030","https://openalex.org/W3196036588","https://openalex.org/W4200351727","https://openalex.org/W4293233427","https://openalex.org/W4307123700","https://openalex.org/W4312641744","https://openalex.org/W4323896829","https://openalex.org/W4377247635","https://openalex.org/W4380032277","https://openalex.org/W4382318933","https://openalex.org/W4383068630","https://openalex.org/W4384497780","https://openalex.org/W4386033219","https://openalex.org/W4386954350","https://openalex.org/W4387457448","https://openalex.org/W4394717653","https://openalex.org/W6600005967","https://openalex.org/W6600263792","https://openalex.org/W6600655081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W4297846880","https://openalex.org/W2950942529","https://openalex.org/W4324108765","https://openalex.org/W4307929675","https://openalex.org/W4285052570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4,166],"deep":[5],"learning":[6],"models":[7,118],"are":[8],"vulnerable":[9],"to":[10,19,33,106],"adversarial":[11],"attacks,":[12,15],"including":[13],"gradient":[14,24,56,111,150],"which":[16],"can":[17],"lead":[18],"incorrect":[20],"outputs.":[21],"The":[22],"existing":[23],"attack":[25,36,57,99],"methods":[26,94],"typically":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,72,125,162],"repetitive":[30],"multistep":[31],"strategies":[32],"improve":[34],"their":[35],"success":[37,100],"rates,":[38],"resulting":[39],"in":[40,85,138],"longer":[41],"training":[42,127],"times":[43],"and":[44,95,119,156],"severe":[45],"overfitting.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"these":[49],"issues,":[50],"we":[51,129],"propose":[52],"an":[53,73],"adaptive":[54],"perturbation-based":[55],"method":[58,64,136,180],"with":[59,102,149],"dual-loss":[60],"optimization":[61],"(APDL).":[62],"This":[63,142],"adaptively":[65],"adjusts":[66],"the":[67,79,91,108,121,126,145,154,172,178],"single-step":[68],"perturbation":[69],"magnitude":[70],"based":[71],"exponential":[74],"distance":[75],"function,":[76],"thereby":[77],"accelerating":[78],"convergence":[80,84],"process.":[81],"APDL":[82,115,167],"achieves":[83],"fewer":[86,103],"than":[87,171],"10":[88],"iterations,":[89],"outperforming":[90],"traditional":[92],"nonadaptive":[93,175],"achieving":[96],"a":[97,131],"high":[98],"rate":[101],"iterations.":[104],"Furthermore,":[105],"increase":[107],"transferability":[109],"of":[110,123,158],"attacks":[112,151],"such":[113],"as":[114],"across":[116],"different":[117],"reduce":[120],"effects":[122,147],"overfitting":[124],"model,":[128],"introduce":[130],"triple-differential":[132],"logit":[133],"fusion":[134],"(TDLF)":[135],"grounded":[137],"knowledge":[139],"distillation":[140],"principles.":[141],"approach":[143],"mitigates":[144],"edge":[146],"associated":[148],"by":[152],"adjusting":[153],"hardness":[155],"softness":[157],"labels.":[159],"Experiments":[160],"conducted":[161],"ImageNet-compatible":[163],"datasets":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"is":[168],"significantly":[169],"faster":[170],"commonly":[173],"used":[174],"methods,":[176],"whereas":[177],"TDLF":[179],"exhibits":[181],"strong":[182],"transferability.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
