{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404207429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","title":"Empowering Urdu sentiment analysis: an attention-based stacked CNN-Bi-LSTM DNN with multilingual BERT","display_name":"Empowering Urdu sentiment analysis: an attention-based stacked CNN-Bi-LSTM DNN with multilingual BERT","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404207429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054982958","display_name":"Lal Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-7580"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, IBADAT International University Islamabad, Pakpattan Campus, Street, Pakpattan, 57400, Punjab, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, IBADAT International University Islamabad, Pakpattan Campus, Street, Pakpattan, 57400, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056446470","display_name":"Atika Qazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-6355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atika Qazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Lifelong Learning, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Lifelong Learning, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063747030","display_name":"Hsien-Tsung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-5943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141243467","display_name":"Chang Gung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/009knm296","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141243467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020100970","display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsien-Tsung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC","Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fusing St., Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425","https://openalex.org/I141243467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fusing St., Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006976650","display_name":"Mousa Alhajlah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4799-6004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa Alhajlah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Applied Computer Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12571, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Applied Computer Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12571, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016255950","display_name":"Awais Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-7625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Applied Computer Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12571, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Information Systems Department, Applied Computer Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12571, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063747030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141243467","https://openalex.org/I173093425","https://openalex.org/I3020100970"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":7.4948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97662312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.730288565158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.6241725087165833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6052104234695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5451942086219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5066607594490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3786599040031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.357657790184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3450576663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.14539170265197754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.730288565158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.6241725087165833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6052104234695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5451942086219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5066607594490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3786599040031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.357657790184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3450576663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14539170265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27cd5430a23749a4b2249c2e73231f7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27cd5430a23749a4b2249c2e73231f7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-024-01631-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1187945713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BMRPA07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323441","funder_display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1910229950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R45","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981792773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112-2410-H-182 -026 -MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5652238864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939504069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NERPD4N0231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323441","funder_display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6702995139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NERPD4N0231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322767","funder_display_name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8696672448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322767","display_name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323441","display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","ror":"https://ror.org/02dnn6q67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404207429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404207429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028406641","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2615369478","https://openalex.org/W2618461247","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2892137778","https://openalex.org/W2905807898","https://openalex.org/W2914767245","https://openalex.org/W2937626916","https://openalex.org/W2952638691","https://openalex.org/W2969145558","https://openalex.org/W3081987387","https://openalex.org/W3103801168","https://openalex.org/W3111911126","https://openalex.org/W3118916233","https://openalex.org/W3128627341","https://openalex.org/W3176558250","https://openalex.org/W3194774163","https://openalex.org/W3208349370","https://openalex.org/W4200482213","https://openalex.org/W4206804859","https://openalex.org/W4210827551","https://openalex.org/W4220738400","https://openalex.org/W4220808645","https://openalex.org/W4220866756","https://openalex.org/W4224305765","https://openalex.org/W4226043702","https://openalex.org/W4281490773","https://openalex.org/W4285095084","https://openalex.org/W4286511258","https://openalex.org/W4289711138","https://openalex.org/W4303183545","https://openalex.org/W4312433216","https://openalex.org/W4321072523","https://openalex.org/W4385349476","https://openalex.org/W4392348732","https://openalex.org/W4399813117","https://openalex.org/W6702248584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588484110","https://openalex.org/W1566901819","https://openalex.org/W604003083","https://openalex.org/W597280011","https://openalex.org/W4310798948","https://openalex.org/W642060233","https://openalex.org/W4389314469","https://openalex.org/W4390236247","https://openalex.org/W2083227284","https://openalex.org/W2250347524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sentiment":[0],"analysis":[1,197],"(SA)":[2],"as":[3,200],"a":[4,67,89,97],"research":[5],"field":[6],"has":[7],"gained":[8],"popularity":[9],"among":[10],"the":[11,14,17,39,78,84,94,146,153,170,174,187],"researcher":[12],"throughout":[13],"globe":[15],"over":[16],"past":[18],"10":[19],"years.":[20],"Deep":[21],"neural":[22,42],"networks":[23,43],"(DNN)":[24],"and":[25,32,54,130,140,202,204,209],"word":[26],"vector":[27],"models":[28,56,64,82],"are":[29],"employed":[30],"nowadays":[31],"perform":[33],"well":[34],"in":[35,83,138,173],"sentiment":[36,196],"analysis.":[37],"Among":[38],"different":[40,76],"deep":[41],"utilized":[44],"for":[45],"SA":[46],"globally,":[47],"Bi-directional":[48],"long":[49],"short-term":[50],"memory":[51],"(Bi-LSTM),":[52],"BERT,":[53],"CNN":[55],"have":[57,182],"received":[58],"much":[59],"attention.":[60],"Even":[61],"though":[62],"these":[63,81,114],"can":[65],"process":[66],"wide":[68],"range":[69],"of":[70,88,96,145,189,207],"text":[71],"types,":[72],"Because":[73],"DNNs":[74],"treat":[75],"features":[77],"same,":[79],"using":[80],"feature":[85,98,118],"learning":[86],"phase":[87],"DNN":[90,111],"model":[91,127,192],"leads":[92],"to":[93,112,152,156,177,185],"creation":[95],"space":[99],"with":[100,160],"very":[101],"high":[102],"dimensionality.":[103],"We":[104],"suggest":[105],"an":[106,205],"attention-based,":[107],"stacked,":[108],"two-layer":[109,123,148],"CNN-Bi-LSTM":[110],"overcome":[113],"glitches.":[115],"After":[116],"local":[117],"extraction,":[119],"by":[120,133],"applying":[121],"stacked":[122,147],"Bi-LSTM,":[124],"our":[125,190],"proposed":[126,191],"extracted":[128],"coming":[129],"outgoing":[131],"sequences":[132],"seeing":[134],"sequential":[135],"data":[136],"streams":[137],"backward":[139],"forward":[141],"directions.":[142],"The":[143],"output":[144],"Bi-LSTM":[149,165],"is":[150,167],"supplied":[151],"attention":[154],"layer":[155,166,172],"assign":[157],"various":[158],"words":[159],"varying":[161],"values.":[162],"A":[163],"second":[164],"constructed":[168],"atop":[169],"initial":[171],"suggested":[175],"network":[176],"increase":[178],"performance.":[179],"Various":[180],"experiments":[181],"been":[183],"conducted":[184],"evaluate":[186],"effectiveness":[188],"on":[193],"two":[194],"Urdu":[195],"datasets":[198],"named":[199],"UCSA-21":[201],"UCSA,":[203],"accuracies":[206],"83.12%":[208],"78.91%":[210],"achieved,":[211],"respectively.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
