{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388976895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","title":"Multi-classification deep learning models for detection of ulcerative colitis, polyps, and dyed-lifted polyps using wireless capsule endoscopy images","display_name":"Multi-classification deep learning models for detection of ulcerative colitis, polyps, and dyed-lifted polyps using wireless capsule endoscopy images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388976895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046866614","display_name":"Hassaan Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassaan Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017407475","display_name":"Ahmad Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-386X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052523726","display_name":"Abolghasem Sadeghi\u2010Niaraki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, XR Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, XR Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086213066","display_name":"Rizwan Ali Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Ali Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-8441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375650","display_name":"Seung-Won Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8893-8332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086213066","https://openalex.org/A5100375650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354","https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":10.2195,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98989796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"2477","last_page":"2497"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11378","display_name":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11378","display_name":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11316","display_name":"Mycobacterium research and diagnosis","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capsule-endoscopy","display_name":"Capsule endoscopy","score":0.7377052903175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6982904672622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.509247899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.4332005977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4263085424900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42226383090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.412199467420578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.29331451654434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.20694541931152344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777333622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116753","display_name":"Capsule endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.7377052903175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6982904672622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.509247899055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.4332005977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4263085424900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42226383090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.412199467420578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29331451654434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.20694541931152344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6430e7ad1ce043b28970b6cb11692b28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6430e7ad1ce043b28970b6cb11692b28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 2477-2497 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01271-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex &amp; Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5844758407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1G1A1010226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6067506695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2021R1I1A2059735","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388976895.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555157040","https://openalex.org/W1650175677","https://openalex.org/W1972095400","https://openalex.org/W1982200091","https://openalex.org/W1987469567","https://openalex.org/W1995507937","https://openalex.org/W2008359794","https://openalex.org/W2076600572","https://openalex.org/W2084666083","https://openalex.org/W2090029815","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2106279103","https://openalex.org/W2106311483","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2533853894","https://openalex.org/W2691395254","https://openalex.org/W2738479901","https://openalex.org/W2756092359","https://openalex.org/W2782620387","https://openalex.org/W2785910247","https://openalex.org/W2806618077","https://openalex.org/W2809100241","https://openalex.org/W2881678155","https://openalex.org/W2888235397","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2890932620","https://openalex.org/W2898260073","https://openalex.org/W2898769570","https://openalex.org/W2904144652","https://openalex.org/W2907922781","https://openalex.org/W2908052439","https://openalex.org/W2916740872","https://openalex.org/W2921231121","https://openalex.org/W2921643578","https://openalex.org/W2949301588","https://openalex.org/W2953849743","https://openalex.org/W2963589681","https://openalex.org/W2963874375","https://openalex.org/W2974356752","https://openalex.org/W2985371144","https://openalex.org/W2987543910","https://openalex.org/W2989417270","https://openalex.org/W2997781171","https://openalex.org/W3003457589","https://openalex.org/W3010702679","https://openalex.org/W3013225420","https://openalex.org/W3024465618","https://openalex.org/W3025048607","https://openalex.org/W3037095325","https://openalex.org/W3044704315","https://openalex.org/W3045802155","https://openalex.org/W3081748421","https://openalex.org/W3088047400","https://openalex.org/W3089168916","https://openalex.org/W3101520758","https://openalex.org/W3105771333","https://openalex.org/W3125055566","https://openalex.org/W3125908376","https://openalex.org/W3132265016","https://openalex.org/W3137695444","https://openalex.org/W3138985726","https://openalex.org/W3144777302","https://openalex.org/W3164631742","https://openalex.org/W3173550936","https://openalex.org/W3175591976","https://openalex.org/W3183245287","https://openalex.org/W3194368019","https://openalex.org/W3198803296","https://openalex.org/W3199491708","https://openalex.org/W3201377611","https://openalex.org/W4200522806","https://openalex.org/W4212858816","https://openalex.org/W4220880215","https://openalex.org/W4225579721","https://openalex.org/W4288720451","https://openalex.org/W4323891929","https://openalex.org/W4323979480","https://openalex.org/W4361009418","https://openalex.org/W4377224170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2609695940","https://openalex.org/W2608489025","https://openalex.org/W182326524","https://openalex.org/W2316510287","https://openalex.org/W2412302037","https://openalex.org/W2671563698","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Wireless":[1],"capsule":[2],"endoscopy":[3],"(WCE)":[4],"enables":[5],"imaging":[6,72],"and":[7,28,35,46,63,99,127,133,146,207,255],"diagnostics":[8],"of":[9,40,61,73,97,169,179,186,239,243,267],"the":[10,48,67,74,157,167,176,180,213,218,256],"gastrointestinal":[11],"(GI)":[12],"tract":[13],"to":[14,33,43,65],"be":[15],"performed":[16,263],"without":[17],"any":[18],"discomfort.":[19],"Despite":[20],"this,":[21],"several":[22,82],"characteristics,":[23],"including":[24],"efficacy,":[25],"tolerance,":[26],"safety,":[27],"performance,":[29],"make":[30],"it":[31,135],"difficult":[32],"apply":[34],"modify":[36],"widely.":[37],"The":[38,209,231,241],"use":[39],"automated":[41],"WCE":[42,71,150,229],"collect":[44],"data":[45,68],"perform":[47],"analysis":[49],"is":[50,156],"essential":[51],"for":[52,141,166],"finding":[53],"anomalies.":[54],"Medical":[55],"specialists":[56],"need":[57],"a":[58,162],"significant":[59],"amount":[60],"time":[62],"expertise":[64],"examine":[66],"generated":[69],"by":[70],"patient\u2019s":[75],"digestive":[76],"tract.":[77],"To":[78,152],"address":[79],"these":[80],"challenges,":[81],"computer":[83],"vision-based":[84],"solutions":[85],"have":[86],"been":[87],"designed;":[88],"nevertheless,":[89],"they":[90],"do":[91],"not":[92],"achieve":[93],"an":[94,237],"acceptable":[95],"level":[96],"accuracy,":[98,191],"more":[100],"advancements":[101],"are":[102,248],"required.":[103],"Thus,":[104],"in":[105,184,224,265],"this":[106,155],"study,":[107],"we":[108],"proposed":[109,181,221,245,257],"four":[110,244],"multi-classification":[111],"deep":[112],"learning":[113],"(DL)":[114],"models":[115,223],"i.e.,":[116],"Vgg-19":[117,214,232,258],"+":[118,125,129,215,233,259],"CNN,":[119],"ResNet152V2,":[120,126],"Gated":[121],"Recurrent":[122],"Unit":[123],"(GRU)":[124],"ResNet152V2":[128],"Bidirectional":[130],"GRU":[131],"(Bi-GRU)":[132],"applied":[134],"on":[136],"different":[137,171],"publicly":[138],"available":[139],"databases":[140],"diagnosing":[142],"ulcerative":[143],"colitis,":[144],"polyps,":[145],"dyed-lifted":[147],"polyps":[148],"using":[149,228],"images.":[151,230],"our":[153],"knowledge,":[154],"only":[158],"study":[159],"that":[160,212],"uses":[161],"single":[163],"DL":[164,182,222,246],"model":[165,235,261],"classification":[168,177],"three":[170,219],"GI":[172,226],"diseases.":[173],"We":[174],"compared":[175,250],"performance":[178],"classifiers":[183,247,254],"terms":[185,266],"many":[187],"parameters":[188],"such":[189],"as":[190],"loss,":[192],"Matthew's":[193],"correlation":[194],"coefficient":[195],"(MCC),":[196],"recall,":[197],"precision,":[198],"negative":[199],"predictive":[200,204],"value":[201,205],"(NPV),":[202],"positive":[203],"(PPV),":[206],"F1-score.":[208],"results":[210,242],"revealed":[211],"CNN":[216,234,260],"outperforms":[217],"other":[220],"classifying":[225],"diseases":[227],"achieved":[236],"accuracy":[238],"99.45%.":[240],"also":[249],"with":[251],"recent":[252],"state-of-the-art":[253],"has":[262],"better":[264],"improved":[268],"accuracy.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
