{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386095079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","title":"Evolutionary generative design of supercritical airfoils: an automated approach driven by small data","display_name":"Evolutionary generative design of supercritical airfoils: an automated approach driven by small data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386095079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102640326","display_name":"Kebin Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kebin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087560011","display_name":"Weituo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weituo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004036087","display_name":"Ran Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9410-8263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101475675","display_name":"Yu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-9503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Unmanned System, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103206164","display_name":"Hairun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038882255","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-5503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376485","display_name":"Miao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 200436, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102640326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":1.9687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84870404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"1167","last_page":"1183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10944","display_name":"Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airfoil","display_name":"Airfoil","score":0.9237727522850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift-coefficient","display_name":"Lift coefficient","score":0.6185097694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transonic","display_name":"Transonic","score":0.57454514503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.5064054727554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49686339497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.44551941752433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","score":0.4363046884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag-coefficient","display_name":"Drag coefficient","score":0.4141686260700226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.37106919288635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag","display_name":"Drag","score":0.3057102859020233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29019272327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18023976683616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.15453925728797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.1064479649066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08811083436012268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112124176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698744","display_name":"Airfoil","level":2,"score":0.9237727522850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150486481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760106","display_name":"Lift coefficient","level":4,"score":0.6185097694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103838597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579556","display_name":"Transonic","level":3,"score":0.57454514503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5064054727554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49686339497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.44551941752433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.4363046884536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72117827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961","display_name":"Drag coefficient","level":3,"score":0.4141686260700226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.37106919288635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.3057102859020233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29019272327423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18023976683616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.15453925728797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1064479649066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08811083436012268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/114098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/114098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cdf32ec0030e41df93826a6a807da70c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cdf32ec0030e41df93826a6a807da70c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1167-1183 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01214-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386095079.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71960263","https://openalex.org/W2038128936","https://openalex.org/W2039146599","https://openalex.org/W2093230645","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2323655986","https://openalex.org/W2621240502","https://openalex.org/W2774185825","https://openalex.org/W2805301486","https://openalex.org/W2810931833","https://openalex.org/W2891186800","https://openalex.org/W2907492271","https://openalex.org/W2909388606","https://openalex.org/W2911005554","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2989483616","https://openalex.org/W3012253434","https://openalex.org/W3021941015","https://openalex.org/W3034521433","https://openalex.org/W3038687103","https://openalex.org/W3047550313","https://openalex.org/W3091030962","https://openalex.org/W3092208209","https://openalex.org/W3181519820","https://openalex.org/W3198761053","https://openalex.org/W3201092344","https://openalex.org/W4296613207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555466583","https://openalex.org/W2013265386","https://openalex.org/W4317568422","https://openalex.org/W2352601591","https://openalex.org/W3137537900","https://openalex.org/W2906908622","https://openalex.org/W3201024728","https://openalex.org/W2102945069","https://openalex.org/W2368453162","https://openalex.org/W3185952699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Supercritical":[1],"airfoils":[2,32,162],"are":[3,130],"critical":[4,194],"components":[5],"in":[6,22,104,166,191,213],"the":[7,44,79,116,119,135,160,188,223,229],"design":[8,28,152,190,209],"of":[9,81,88,118,124,134,145,168,193,228],"commercial":[10],"wide-body":[11],"aircraft":[12],"wings":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,18,42,97,113],"their":[16],"ability":[17],"enhance":[19],"aerodynamic":[20,106],"performance":[21,165],"transonic":[23],"flow":[24],"regimes.":[25],"However,":[26],"traditional":[27],"methods":[29],"for":[30,64],"supercritical":[31,65,147],"can":[33],"be":[34],"time-consuming":[35],"and":[36,84,108,126,153,175,180,198,204,226],"require":[37],"significant":[38],"manual":[39],"effort,":[40],"not":[41],"mention":[43],"high":[45,224],"cost":[46],"associated":[47],"with":[48,94],"computational":[49],"fluid":[50],"dynamics":[51],"analysis.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55],"challenges,":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"introduces":[59],"a":[60,86,122,143,219],"highly":[61],"automated":[62],"approach":[63,75,137],"airfoil":[66,101,186],"design,":[67],"called":[68],"Evolutionary":[69,82],"Generative":[70],"Design":[71],"(EvoGD).":[72],"The":[73,132,183,207],"EvoGD":[74,136,230],"is":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78,142,218],"framework":[80],"Computation":[83],"employs":[85],"series":[87,123],"sophisticated":[89],"data-driven":[90,128],"generative":[91],"models":[92],"incorporated":[93],"physical":[95],"information":[96],"iteratively":[98],"refine":[99],"initial":[100],"shapes,":[102],"resulting":[103],"improved":[105,164],"performances":[107],"reduced":[109],"constraint":[110],"violations.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"speed":[114],"up":[115],"evaluation":[117],"generated":[120,161,185],"airfoils,":[121,148],"accurate":[125],"efficient":[127],"predictors":[129],"utilized.":[131],"efficacy":[133],"was":[138,211],"demonstrated":[139],"through":[140],"experiments":[141],"dataset":[144],"501":[146],"including":[149],"one":[150],"baseline":[151,189],"500":[154],"randomly":[155],"perturbed":[156],"airfoils.":[157],"On":[158],"average,":[159],"showed":[163],"terms":[167,192],"buffet":[169,195],"lift":[170,196],"coefficient,":[171],"cruise":[172,199],"lift-to-drag":[173,200],"ratio,":[174],"thickness":[176],"by":[177,202],"5%,":[178],"4%,":[179],"1%,":[181],"respectively.":[182,206],"best":[184],"outperformed":[187],"coefficient":[197],"ratio":[201],"7.1%":[203],"6.4%,":[205],"entire":[208],"process":[210],"completed":[212],"less":[214],"than":[215],"an":[216],"hour":[217],"personal":[220],"computer,":[221],"highlighting":[222],"efficiency":[225],"scalability":[227],"approach.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}