{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385701909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","title":"Imperceptible graph injection attack on graph neural networks","display_name":"Imperceptible graph injection attack on graph neural networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385701909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062101755","display_name":"Yang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-8553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20616075","display_name":"Qinghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03az1t892","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036982271","display_name":"Zhonglin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20616075","display_name":"Qinghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03az1t892","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonglin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356534","display_name":"Zhaoyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20616075","display_name":"Qinghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03az1t892","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078200110","display_name":"Haixing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20616075","display_name":"Qinghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03az1t892","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-1603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062101755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20616075"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":1.1929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83059619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"869","last_page":"883"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6927980780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5861936807632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.581390380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5025303363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.4389188289642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3444382846355438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927980780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5861936807632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.581390380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5025303363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.4389188289642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3444382846355438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd90c7021c714e5184500d617f0307bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd90c7021c714e5184500d617f0307bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 869-883 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-023-01200-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385701909.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803831897","https://openalex.org/W2949208225","https://openalex.org/W2966149470","https://openalex.org/W3012846134","https://openalex.org/W3035622304","https://openalex.org/W3036202927","https://openalex.org/W3098276446","https://openalex.org/W3120618935","https://openalex.org/W3170068709","https://openalex.org/W3172780638","https://openalex.org/W3198375173","https://openalex.org/W3199073975","https://openalex.org/W3205964992","https://openalex.org/W3206855510","https://openalex.org/W3215596282","https://openalex.org/W4205247958","https://openalex.org/W4205568429","https://openalex.org/W4206089953","https://openalex.org/W4206948389","https://openalex.org/W4210916421","https://openalex.org/W4220684798","https://openalex.org/W4226190696","https://openalex.org/W4283367874","https://openalex.org/W4284682762","https://openalex.org/W4286905638","https://openalex.org/W4290875619","https://openalex.org/W4295921726","https://openalex.org/W4306317081","https://openalex.org/W4306789986","https://openalex.org/W4310082948","https://openalex.org/W4311081005","https://openalex.org/W4311109703","https://openalex.org/W4321434205","https://openalex.org/W4323979480","https://openalex.org/W4361019772","https://openalex.org/W4382240025","https://openalex.org/W4385076827","https://openalex.org/W4385567499","https://openalex.org/W4386319242","https://openalex.org/W6600213211","https://openalex.org/W6600351811","https://openalex.org/W6600577311","https://openalex.org/W6600739665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010867827","https://openalex.org/W3035447895","https://openalex.org/W4200555621","https://openalex.org/W3125474495","https://openalex.org/W4327520984","https://openalex.org/W3196072164","https://openalex.org/W2762016825","https://openalex.org/W2998122931","https://openalex.org/W2964583308","https://openalex.org/W2945796017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"recent":[2],"years,":[3],"Graph":[4,28,33],"Neural":[5],"Networks":[6],"(GNNs)":[7],"have":[8,19],"achieved":[9],"excellent":[10],"applications":[11],"in":[12,70,174,180],"classification":[13],"or":[14],"prediction":[15],"tasks.":[16],"Recent":[17],"studies":[18],"demonstrated":[20],"that":[21,157],"GNNs":[22],"are":[23,37,46],"vulnerable":[24],"to":[25,60,68,86,127,142],"adversarial":[26,43],"attacks.":[27],"Modification":[29],"Attack":[30,35],"(GMA)":[31],"and":[32,124,132,135],"Injection":[34],"(GIA)":[36],"commonly":[38],"attack":[39,44,90],"strategies.":[40],"Most":[41],"graph":[42,112],"methods":[45],"based":[47],"on":[48,152],"GMA,":[49],"which":[50],"has":[51],"a":[52],"clear":[53],"drawback:":[54],"the":[55,62,78,100,105,120,138,144,147,162],"attacker":[56],"needs":[57],"high":[58],"privileges":[59],"modify":[61],"original":[63,79,101],"graph,":[64],"making":[65],"it":[66],"difficult":[67],"execute":[69],"practice.":[71],"GIA":[72,83,165],"can":[73,95],"perform":[74],"attacks":[75],"without":[76],"modifying":[77],"graph.":[80],"However,":[81],"many":[82],"models":[84],"fail":[85],"take":[87],"care":[88],"of":[89,146,182],"invisibility,":[91],"i.e.,":[92],"fake":[93,129],"nodes":[94],"be":[96],"easily":[97],"distinguished":[98],"from":[99],"nodes.":[102],"To":[103],"solve":[104],"above":[106],"issue,":[107],"we":[108],"propose":[109],"an":[110,168,172,177],"imperceptible":[111],"injection":[113],"attack,":[114],"named":[115],"IMGIA.":[116],"Specifically,":[117],"IMGIA":[118,158,170],"uses":[119,137],"normal":[121],"distribution":[122],"sampling":[123],"mask":[125],"learning":[126],"generate":[128],"node":[130],"features":[131],"links":[133],"respectively,":[134],"then":[136],"homophily":[139],"unnoticeability":[140],"constraint":[141],"improve":[143],"camouflage":[145],"attack.":[148],"Our":[149],"extensive":[150],"experiments":[151],"three":[153],"benchmark":[154],"datasets":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"performs":[159],"better":[160],"than":[161],"existing":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"methods.":[166],"As":[167],"example,":[169],"shows":[171],"improvement":[173],"performance":[175],"with":[176],"average":[178],"increase":[179],"effectiveness":[181],"2%.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}