{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289202498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","title":"An enhanced whale optimization algorithm with improved dynamic opposite learning and adaptive inertia weight strategy","display_name":"An enhanced whale optimization algorithm with improved dynamic opposite learning and adaptive inertia weight strategy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289202498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069532193","display_name":"Di Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-7930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045302762","display_name":"Yunlang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6513-8436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767673","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mamgv83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065435984","display_name":"Zhile Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-534X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhile Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394745","display_name":"He Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6464-1531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101510267","display_name":"Xiaoping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9213-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069532193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":7.1758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97484296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"767","last_page":"795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.684709906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.6514635682106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.5891497731208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5868653059005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-strategies","display_name":"Adaptive strategies","score":0.5281469821929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5099598169326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5044602155685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.4800737500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4749565124511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4558500051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.45090121030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.3886876106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2897682189941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.270944744348526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.684709906578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.6514635682106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.5891497731208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5868653059005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167393769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680768","display_name":"Adaptive strategies","level":2,"score":0.5281469821929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5099598169326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5044602155685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.4800737500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4749565124511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4558500051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45090121030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.3886876106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2897682189941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.270944744348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9be4a87fa4564400b26cb61ae09ac971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9be4a87fa4564400b26cb61ae09ac971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 767-795 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00827-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3722153344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1700500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289202498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289202498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14070459","https://openalex.org/W137929096","https://openalex.org/W883434633","https://openalex.org/W1498647111","https://openalex.org/W1953766815","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W1985050589","https://openalex.org/W1986834168","https://openalex.org/W1988698908","https://openalex.org/W1997600725","https://openalex.org/W1999284878","https://openalex.org/W2001979953","https://openalex.org/W2010059576","https://openalex.org/W2031183907","https://openalex.org/W2038636021","https://openalex.org/W2040394980","https://openalex.org/W2047094503","https://openalex.org/W2056203337","https://openalex.org/W2065401134","https://openalex.org/W2077142028","https://openalex.org/W2081876825","https://openalex.org/W2094998528","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2122016301","https://openalex.org/W2122761405","https://openalex.org/W2139463777","https://openalex.org/W2141279208","https://openalex.org/W2144317842","https://openalex.org/W2153351685","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2157833270","https://openalex.org/W2162745921","https://openalex.org/W2164527846","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2168081761","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2232317135","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2409637898","https://openalex.org/W2506591572","https://openalex.org/W2511284938","https://openalex.org/W2605396865","https://openalex.org/W2618873858","https://openalex.org/W2638452690","https://openalex.org/W2782746676","https://openalex.org/W2795693467","https://openalex.org/W2795823933","https://openalex.org/W2808331707","https://openalex.org/W2886499297","https://openalex.org/W2922096023","https://openalex.org/W2922859007","https://openalex.org/W2940800560","https://openalex.org/W2947822600","https://openalex.org/W2968921699","https://openalex.org/W2979955841","https://openalex.org/W2981546290","https://openalex.org/W3014628627","https://openalex.org/W3014864081","https://openalex.org/W3016034218","https://openalex.org/W3027210649","https://openalex.org/W3031232991","https://openalex.org/W3034653956","https://openalex.org/W3082301672","https://openalex.org/W3120123685","https://openalex.org/W3121003328","https://openalex.org/W3133139416","https://openalex.org/W3159284717","https://openalex.org/W4230167402","https://openalex.org/W4292083457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035898501","https://openalex.org/W165090843","https://openalex.org/W2378356595","https://openalex.org/W2359053733","https://openalex.org/W2486646726","https://openalex.org/W2275429949","https://openalex.org/W2016831998","https://openalex.org/W2187728727","https://openalex.org/W3180368194","https://openalex.org/W2994220932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Whale":[1],"Optimization":[2],"Algorithm":[3],"(WOA),":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,14,41,103],"newly":[7],"proposed":[8,61,171],"swarm-based":[9],"algorithm,":[10],"has":[11,208,221],"gradually":[12],"become":[13],"popular":[15],"approach":[16],"for":[17,112],"optimization":[18],"problems":[19,161],"in":[20,71,87,119,214],"various":[21],"engineering":[22,160],"fields.":[23],"However,":[24],"WOA":[25,44],"suffers":[26],"from":[27],"the":[28,64,72,76,84,88,99,109,113,120,124,139,166],"poor":[29],"balance":[30],"of":[31,80,117,123,168,180,193],"exploration":[32,210],"and":[33,35,54,75,102,154,157,189,204,211,219],"exploitation,":[34],"premature":[36],"convergence.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,134],"paper,":[40],"new":[42],"enhanced":[43],"(EWOA),":[45],"which":[46],"adopts":[47],"an":[48,55,68,126],"improved":[49],"dynamic":[50],"opposite":[51],"learning":[52],"(IDOL)":[53],"adaptive":[56,127],"encircling":[57,114],"prey":[58,115],"stage,":[59],"is":[60,131],"to":[62,136,142,164,199],"overcome":[63],"problems.":[65],"IDOL":[66,91],"plays":[67],"important":[69],"role":[70],"initialization":[73],"part":[74,122],"algorithm":[77],"iterative":[78],"process":[79],"EWOA.":[81,169],"By":[82],"evaluating":[83],"optimal":[85],"solution":[86],"current":[89],"population,":[90],"can":[92],"adaptively":[93,137],"switch":[94],"exploitation/exploration":[95],"modes":[96],"constructed":[97],"by":[98],"DOL":[100],"strategy":[101,130],"modified":[104],"search":[105],"strategy,":[106],"respectively.":[107],"On":[108],"other":[110,183,227],"hand,":[111],"stage":[116,135],"EWOA":[118,172,207],"latter":[121],"iteration,":[125],"inertia":[128],"weight":[129],"introduced":[132],"into":[133,145],"adjust":[138],"prey\u2019s":[140],"position":[141],"avoid":[143],"falling":[144],"local":[146],"optima.":[147],"Numerical":[148],"experiments,":[149],"with":[150,216,226],"unimodal,":[151],"multimodal,":[152],"hybrid":[153],"composition":[155],"benchmarks,":[156],"three":[158,178,182,186],"typical":[159],"are":[162],"utilized":[163],"evaluate":[165],"performance":[167],"The":[170],"also":[173],"evaluates":[174],"against":[175],"canonical":[176],"WOA,":[177],"sub-variants":[179],"EWOA,":[181],"common":[184],"algorithms,":[185],"advanced":[187,191],"algorithms":[188],"four":[190],"variants":[192],"WOA.":[194],"Results":[195],"indicate":[196],"that":[197],"according":[198],"Wilcoxon":[200],"rank":[201],"sum":[202],"test":[203],"Friedman":[205],"test,":[206],"balanced":[209],"exploitation":[212],"ability":[213],"coping":[215],"global":[217],"optimization,":[218],"it":[220],"obvious":[222],"advantages":[223],"when":[224],"compared":[225],"state-of-the-art":[228],"algorithms.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}