{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4289793421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","title":"A human learning optimization algorithm with competitive and cooperative learning","display_name":"A human learning optimization algorithm with competitive and cooperative learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4289793421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000966399","display_name":"Jiaojie Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JiaoJie Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398661","display_name":"Ling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-6454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051175363","display_name":"Minrui Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minrui Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042217912","display_name":"Muhammad Ilyas Menhas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69716792","display_name":"Mirpur University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qjkhc08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ilyas Menhas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69716792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000966399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":0.9716,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79634751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"797","last_page":"823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-learning","display_name":"Competitive learning","score":0.7029483914375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.7025027275085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6604053378105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5591962337493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5510273575782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.49198052287101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.47869160771369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.46443256735801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-optimization","display_name":"Global optimization","score":0.4454602897167206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42608579993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperialist-competitive-algorithm","display_name":"Imperialist competitive algorithm","score":0.41813230514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4157904386520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"Social learning","score":0.4139307737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.2704315185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25559526681900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1923351287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.11088263988494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization","display_name":"Meta-optimization","score":0.09537529945373535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120822770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156355","display_name":"Competitive learning","level":3,"score":0.7029483914375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.7025027275085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6604053378105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5591962337493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5510273575782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.49198052287101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47869160771369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46443256735801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.4454602897167206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42608579993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101219045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859646","display_name":"Imperialist competitive algorithm","level":4,"score":0.41813230514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4157904386520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.4139307737350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.2704315185546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25559526681900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1923351287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.11088263988494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.09537529945373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:814dec69df954151beacace4f84da0d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/814dec69df954151beacace4f84da0d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 797-823 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-022-00808-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3118725220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2019YFB1405500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3837850091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D18003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5471895668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. D18003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G981112905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1405500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289793421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4289793421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631477483","https://openalex.org/W1501557173","https://openalex.org/W1531814423","https://openalex.org/W1987082975","https://openalex.org/W2003446979","https://openalex.org/W2021165130","https://openalex.org/W2049967755","https://openalex.org/W2063655811","https://openalex.org/W2071330572","https://openalex.org/W2074028900","https://openalex.org/W2115831163","https://openalex.org/W2120187054","https://openalex.org/W2123747410","https://openalex.org/W2126424258","https://openalex.org/W2147896176","https://openalex.org/W2223433375","https://openalex.org/W2226641883","https://openalex.org/W2234664045","https://openalex.org/W2338920383","https://openalex.org/W2519618766","https://openalex.org/W2608024064","https://openalex.org/W2739970108","https://openalex.org/W2747206519","https://openalex.org/W2763972384","https://openalex.org/W2782980779","https://openalex.org/W2809816255","https://openalex.org/W2889563428","https://openalex.org/W2911086832","https://openalex.org/W2921283480","https://openalex.org/W2950829012","https://openalex.org/W2950956319","https://openalex.org/W2955510944","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W2982478905","https://openalex.org/W3017009707","https://openalex.org/W3042286978","https://openalex.org/W3047505199","https://openalex.org/W3095770995","https://openalex.org/W3165391736","https://openalex.org/W4239721632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307685729","https://openalex.org/W2391889613","https://openalex.org/W2246606359","https://openalex.org/W1993212790","https://openalex.org/W2350945314","https://openalex.org/W3137546053","https://openalex.org/W2765104507","https://openalex.org/W2253599057","https://openalex.org/W1597134548","https://openalex.org/W4289793421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1],"learning":[2,17,64,71,79,94],"optimization":[3,65,151],"(HLO)":[4],"is":[5,82,165],"a":[6,14,61,75],"simple":[7],"yet":[8],"powerful":[9],"metaheuristic":[10],"developed":[11,83,163],"based":[12],"on":[13,131],"simplified":[15],"human":[16,63],"model.":[18],"Competition":[19],"and":[20,36,48,69,77,87,171,178],"cooperation,":[21],"as":[22,106,108],"two":[23],"basic":[24],"modes":[25],"of":[26,103,147],"social":[27,90],"cognition,":[28],"can":[29,98,118],"motivate":[30],"individuals":[31],"to":[32,84,167],"learn":[33],"more":[34],"efficiently":[35,99],"improve":[37,120],"their":[38,45],"efficiency":[39],"in":[40,73,89],"solving":[41],"problems":[42,142,152],"by":[43,55],"stimulating":[44],"competitive":[46,68,76],"instincts":[47],"increasing":[49],"interaction":[50,91],"with":[51,67,127,155,174],"each":[52],"other.":[53],"Inspired":[54],"this":[56,58],"fact,":[57],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"novel":[62],"algorithm":[66,105,121],"cooperative":[70,78],"(HLOCC),":[72],"which":[74,144],"operator":[80],"(CCLO)":[81],"mimic":[85],"competition":[86],"cooperation":[88],"for":[92],"enhancing":[93],"efficiency.":[95],"The":[96,157],"HLOCC":[97,123,164],"maintain":[100],"the":[101,104,110,115,135,138,148,162],"diversity":[102],"well":[107],"achieve":[109],"optimal":[111],"values,":[112],"demonstrating":[113],"that":[114,161],"proposed":[116],"CCLO":[117],"effectively":[119],"performance.":[122],"has":[124],"been":[125],"compared":[126],"other":[128,172],"heuristic":[129],"algorithms":[130],"CEC2017":[132],"functions.":[133],"In":[134],"second":[136],"study,":[137],"uncapacitated":[139],"facility":[140],"location":[141],"(UFLPs)":[143],"are":[145,153],"one":[146],"pure":[149],"binary":[150],"solved":[154],"HLOCC.":[156],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"superior":[166],"previous":[168],"HLO":[169],"variants":[170],"metaheuristics":[173],"its":[175],"improved":[176],"exploitation":[177],"exploration":[179],"abilities.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}