{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214479142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","title":"Tourism route optimization based on improved knowledge ant colony algorithm","display_name":"Tourism route optimization based on improved knowledge ant colony algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214479142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534230","display_name":"Sidi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-613X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Foreign Languages, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087494993","display_name":"Tianyu Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398647","display_name":"Ling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-430X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003833479","display_name":"Lining Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6983-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lining Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002152257","display_name":"Teng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-5918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Logistics and Transportation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101534230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"apc_paid":{"value":1320,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1619},"fwci":19.3994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99335924,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"3973","last_page":"3988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13562","display_name":"Cruise Tourism Development and Management","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.6955364346504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.634452223777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6269400119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.48894038796424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4613400101661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42807766795158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4186890125274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4162513017654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28464221954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1868266463279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16292035579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10928341746330261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6955364346504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.634452223777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269400119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.48894038796424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4613400101661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42807766795158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4186890125274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4162513017654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28464221954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1868266463279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16292035579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10928341746330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40747-021-00635-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035462843","display_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2198-6053","issn":["2198-6053","2199-4536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2080504565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019TP1015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2372033617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71690233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3237860507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMETKF2020030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326834","funder_display_name":"State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3636495802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G409429187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6275062119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326834","display_name":"State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328713","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214479142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214479142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977319619","https://openalex.org/W2039069560","https://openalex.org/W2245682929","https://openalex.org/W2289791923","https://openalex.org/W2344916885","https://openalex.org/W2492424197","https://openalex.org/W2519109668","https://openalex.org/W2521918431","https://openalex.org/W2560474429","https://openalex.org/W2581214363","https://openalex.org/W2626431333","https://openalex.org/W2760842565","https://openalex.org/W2771232196","https://openalex.org/W2782454007","https://openalex.org/W2794878305","https://openalex.org/W2897497659","https://openalex.org/W2913710469","https://openalex.org/W2915338839","https://openalex.org/W2921961040","https://openalex.org/W2948175577","https://openalex.org/W2966683123","https://openalex.org/W2982020918","https://openalex.org/W2990372296","https://openalex.org/W2991581571","https://openalex.org/W2995428710","https://openalex.org/W2996850694","https://openalex.org/W3008090505","https://openalex.org/W3011713911","https://openalex.org/W3029153698","https://openalex.org/W3031167136","https://openalex.org/W3037457484","https://openalex.org/W3041888949","https://openalex.org/W3041906701","https://openalex.org/W3044766514","https://openalex.org/W3047314119","https://openalex.org/W3048779441","https://openalex.org/W3088848174","https://openalex.org/W3089255138","https://openalex.org/W3110565446","https://openalex.org/W3111422325","https://openalex.org/W3125377832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182624400","https://openalex.org/W2365800168","https://openalex.org/W2767428579","https://openalex.org/W1992807692","https://openalex.org/W2391061603","https://openalex.org/W2078492738","https://openalex.org/W3014549013","https://openalex.org/W2366876790","https://openalex.org/W2386798499","https://openalex.org/W2422640710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,8,32,49,52,60,67,73,77,102,109,122,127,131,148,158,161,165,172,183,187,193,200,209,219,237,241],"rapid":[3],"development":[4],"of":[5,21,26,31,40,51,55,71,76,105,112,150,160,167,186,222,240],"tourism":[6,13,41,83,210],"in":[7,34,81,93,130,179],"economy,":[9],"popular":[10],"demand":[11],"for":[12],"also":[14,217],"increases.":[15],"Unreasonable":[16],"distribution":[17],"arises":[18],"a":[19,44,106,137,204],"series":[20],"problems":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24,59,86],"reduction":[25],"tourist":[27,35,57,78,94,98,103],"satisfaction":[28,54],"and":[29,69,115,163,224],"decrease":[30],"income":[33,92],"attractions.":[36],"Based":[37,100],"on":[38,101],"consideration":[39],"route":[42,211],"planning,":[43],"mathematical":[45],"model":[46,215],"which":[47],"takes":[48],"maximization":[50],"overall":[53],"all":[56],"groups":[58],"objective":[61],"function":[62],"is":[63,143,154],"established":[64],"by":[65],"taking":[66],"age":[68],"preferences":[70],"tourists,":[72],"upper":[74],"limits":[75],"carrying":[79],"capacity":[80],"various":[82],"routes,":[84,233],"etc.":[85],"constraints.":[87],"It":[88,156],"aims":[89],"to":[90,120,125,181],"maximize":[91],"attractions":[95],"while":[96],"improving":[97],"satisfaction.":[99],"data":[104,124],"travel":[107],"agency,":[108],"statistical":[110],"ideas":[111],"hierarchical":[113],"clustering":[114],"random":[116],"sampling":[117],"are":[118,178],"utilized":[119],"process":[121],"acquired":[123],"obtain":[126],"simulation":[128,190],"examples":[129],"article.":[132],"Aiming":[133],"at":[134,203],"this":[135,146],"model,":[136],"knowledge-based":[138],"hybrid":[139],"ant":[140,195],"colony":[141,196],"algorithm":[142,153,162,197],"designed.":[144],"On":[145],"basis,":[147],"mechanism":[149],"bacterial":[151],"foraging":[152],"introduced.":[155],"improves":[157],"performance":[159],"avoids":[164],"generation":[166],"local":[168],"optimal":[169,201],"solution.":[170],"At":[171],"same":[173],"time,":[174],"two":[175],"knowledge":[176],"models":[177],"addition":[180],"improve":[182],"solution":[184,202],"quality":[185],"algorithm.":[188],"Typical":[189],"indicates":[191],"that":[192],"improved":[194],"can":[198,216],"find":[199],"higher":[205],"efficiency":[206],"when":[207],"solving":[208],"planning":[212],"problem.":[213],"The":[214],"satisfy":[218],"economic":[220],"benefit":[221],"enterprises":[223],"achieves":[225],"favorable":[226],"path":[227],"optimization":[228],"effect":[229,238],"under":[230],"different":[231],"optional":[232],"thus":[234],"further":[235],"verifying":[236],"liveness":[239],"model.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}