{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410395584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","title":"The Evolution of Research on AI and Education Across Four Decades: Insights from the AIxEd Framework","display_name":"The Evolution of Research on AI and Education Across Four Decades: Insights from the AIxEd Framework","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410395584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021455999","display_name":"Sina Rismanchian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sina Rismanchian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064001395","display_name":"Shayan Doroudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shayan Doroudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021455999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":8.3566,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.970425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"2797","last_page":"2820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.496827632188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39837148785591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.37274622917175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.35655713081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.3492361903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29968714714050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.24087396264076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.229214608669281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.496827632188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39837148785591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37274622917175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35655713081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3492361903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29968714714050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24087396264076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.229214608669281}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-025-00483-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410395584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410395584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15537341","https://openalex.org/W188510888","https://openalex.org/W582313626","https://openalex.org/W1498993769","https://openalex.org/W1518613644","https://openalex.org/W1595223122","https://openalex.org/W1599334645","https://openalex.org/W1662413987","https://openalex.org/W1679907412","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1934578280","https://openalex.org/W1993477929","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2016288462","https://openalex.org/W2051339053","https://openalex.org/W2058790237","https://openalex.org/W2088449624","https://openalex.org/W2112093277","https://openalex.org/W2112309468","https://openalex.org/W2126451734","https://openalex.org/W2138170171","https://openalex.org/W2161992389","https://openalex.org/W2186420685","https://openalex.org/W2260779904","https://openalex.org/W2798671091","https://openalex.org/W2869536260","https://openalex.org/W2893772217","https://openalex.org/W2896252141","https://openalex.org/W2950250582","https://openalex.org/W3027353834","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3038433657","https://openalex.org/W3086441582","https://openalex.org/W3111869221","https://openalex.org/W3167349597","https://openalex.org/W4280504808","https://openalex.org/W4286215432","https://openalex.org/W4301367111","https://openalex.org/W4317480115","https://openalex.org/W4381956561","https://openalex.org/W4382567279","https://openalex.org/W4384659608","https://openalex.org/W4384927569","https://openalex.org/W4385363516","https://openalex.org/W4386011656","https://openalex.org/W4386076283","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4391244521","https://openalex.org/W4391439498","https://openalex.org/W4396832972","https://openalex.org/W4400208050","https://openalex.org/W4400208054","https://openalex.org/W4400208068","https://openalex.org/W4400208125","https://openalex.org/W4400208296","https://openalex.org/W4400208407","https://openalex.org/W4400208418","https://openalex.org/W4400208794","https://openalex.org/W4400210516","https://openalex.org/W4400210634","https://openalex.org/W4400210641","https://openalex.org/W4400210675","https://openalex.org/W4407131194","https://openalex.org/W4407970020","https://openalex.org/W6635620600","https://openalex.org/W6664934135","https://openalex.org/W6803898819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4404596741","https://openalex.org/W2529842344","https://openalex.org/W2163210704","https://openalex.org/W2070597718","https://openalex.org/W2124188057","https://openalex.org/W2013076882","https://openalex.org/W2057802236","https://openalex.org/W2034463002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"presents":[3],"a":[4,88,99],"new":[5,166],"framework":[6],"(AI":[7],"$$\\times":[8,181],"$$":[9,182],"<mml:math":[10,183],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[11,184],"<mml:mo>\u00d7</mml:mo>":[12,185],"</mml:math>":[13,186],"Ed)":[14],"to":[15,153],"categorize":[16],"the":[17,38,41,64,135,174],"various":[18],"kinds":[19,176],"of":[20,30,40,43,67,114,177],"relationships":[21],"between":[22],"artificial":[23],"intelligence":[24,105],"(AI)":[25],"and":[26,61,63,74,106,118,160],"education":[27,82],"in":[28,46,55,70,81,129,148,179],"terms":[29],"two":[31],"axes.":[32],"Using":[33],"this":[34,112],"framework,":[35],"we":[36,109,164],"examine":[37],"evolution":[39],"field":[42],"Artificial":[44,68],"Intelligence":[45,69],"Education":[47,71],"over":[48],"four":[49],"decades":[50],"by":[51,146],"examining":[52],"papers":[53,147],"published":[54],"AIED":[56,149,170],"proceedings":[57],"(1985,":[58],"1993,":[59],"2021,":[60],"2024)":[62],"International":[65],"Journal":[66],"(2004,":[72],"2014,":[73],"2021).":[75],"We":[76,132],"argue":[77],"that":[78,111,134,172],"AI\u2019s":[79],"role":[80],"extends":[83],"beyond":[84],"its":[85],"use":[86],"as":[87,98,144],"practical":[89],"tool":[90],"for":[91,102,140,168],"solving":[92],"educational":[93],"problems.":[94],"AI":[95,117,180],"also":[96],"serves":[97],"conceptual":[100],"analogy":[101],"understanding":[103],"human":[104],"learning.":[107],"However,":[108],"show":[110],"way":[113],"thinking":[115],"about":[116],"education,":[119],"which":[120],"was":[121],"once":[122],"prevalent,":[123],"has":[124],"received":[125],"much":[126],"less":[127],"focus":[128],"recent":[130],"years.":[131],"suggest":[133],"growing":[136],"enthusiasm":[137],"among":[138],"researchers":[139],"using":[141],"generative":[142],"AI,":[143],"evidenced":[145],"2024,":[150],"offers":[151],"opportunities":[152],"deepen":[154],"our":[155],"insights":[156],"into":[157],"student":[158],"knowledge":[159],"learning":[161],"processes.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"propose":[165],"directions":[167],"future":[169],"research":[171,178],"span":[173],"different":[175],"Ed.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
