{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011788840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","title":"Time- and Learner-Dependent Hidden Markov Model for Writing Process Analysis Using Keystroke Log Data","display_name":"Time- and Learner-Dependent Hidden Markov Model for Writing Process Analysis Using Keystroke Log Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011788840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","mag":"3011788840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060310626","display_name":"Masaki Uto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-5158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Uto","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-5158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091202403","display_name":"Yoshimitsu Miyazawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15922215","display_name":"National Center for University Entrance Examinations","ror":"https://ror.org/0182n4f20","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I15922215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimitsu Miyazawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Center for University Entrance Examinations, 2-19-23 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8501, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Center for University Entrance Examinations, 2-19-23 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8501, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15922215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003611371","display_name":"Yoshihiro Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122142","display_name":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5rm445","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiro Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103731815","display_name":"Koji Nakajima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122142","display_name":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5rm445","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088912884","display_name":"Hajime Kuwata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122142","display_name":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5rm445","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hajime Kuwata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute, 1-34 Ochiai, Tama, Tokyo, 206-8686, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060310626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64054262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"271","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.8469064235687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7865896821022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.7002233862876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6275066137313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-dynamics","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","score":0.5680992603302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5674811601638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5328894853591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40006065368652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3732466995716095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07301434874534607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.8469064235687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865896821022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7002233862876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6275066137313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79540074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269465","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","level":4,"score":0.5680992603302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5674811601638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5328894853591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40006065368652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3732466995716095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07301434874534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:00931:0004659334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uec.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/9675","pdf_url":"https://uec.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/9675/files/IJAIED_Springer.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40593-019-00189-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1842468046","display_name":"Item response theory for performance assessment and its applications","funder_award_id":"17H04726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2059656948","display_name":"Development of e-Testing platform ensuring sustainable reliability","funder_award_id":"19H05663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6294690152","display_name":"Automated essay scoring focusing on argumentation structure based on probabilistic approach","funder_award_id":"17K20024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324549","display_name":"Benesse Holdings","ror":"https://ror.org/01dm0yq38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011788840.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011788840.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58039618","https://openalex.org/W62871208","https://openalex.org/W438677521","https://openalex.org/W621546036","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1514520715","https://openalex.org/W1536497620","https://openalex.org/W1547686465","https://openalex.org/W1572067440","https://openalex.org/W1576153843","https://openalex.org/W1607310335","https://openalex.org/W1638753340","https://openalex.org/W1840847274","https://openalex.org/W1896553990","https://openalex.org/W1978986669","https://openalex.org/W1984354005","https://openalex.org/W1997491508","https://openalex.org/W2001082470","https://openalex.org/W2040767293","https://openalex.org/W2045011071","https://openalex.org/W2075747256","https://openalex.org/W2079201452","https://openalex.org/W2098136822","https://openalex.org/W2101721738","https://openalex.org/W2104232463","https://openalex.org/W2112971401","https://openalex.org/W2117076645","https://openalex.org/W2119945372","https://openalex.org/W2123222757","https://openalex.org/W2125732627","https://openalex.org/W2132186815","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2142940015","https://openalex.org/W2144100511","https://openalex.org/W2161484642","https://openalex.org/W2165964633","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2311803553","https://openalex.org/W2462751442","https://openalex.org/W2489543173","https://openalex.org/W2496611875","https://openalex.org/W2517296894","https://openalex.org/W2523864706","https://openalex.org/W2724797677","https://openalex.org/W2736112773","https://openalex.org/W2801332848","https://openalex.org/W2801721891","https://openalex.org/W2806686226","https://openalex.org/W2883173679","https://openalex.org/W2953637489","https://openalex.org/W2962842434","https://openalex.org/W3213062163","https://openalex.org/W4237719669","https://openalex.org/W6676893574","https://openalex.org/W6676943302","https://openalex.org/W6872329106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155670618","https://openalex.org/W2052279280","https://openalex.org/W2159333170","https://openalex.org/W2031617473","https://openalex.org/W4244802227","https://openalex.org/W1573560902","https://openalex.org/W4224061638","https://openalex.org/W2906096565","https://openalex.org/W2888741745","https://openalex.org/W3169822312"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T07:30:30.508283","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}