{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002264400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","title":"Technology double gender gap in tourism business leadership","display_name":"Technology double gender gap in tourism business leadership","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002264400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","mag":"3002264400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184463352","display_name":"Information Technology & Tourism","issn_l":"1098-3058","issn":["1098-3058","1943-4294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology &amp; Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033565322","display_name":"Cristina Figueroa Domecq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-2825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Figueroa-Domecq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-2825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068621337","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Palomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Palomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-449X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044293692","display_name":"Ma Dolores Flecha Barrio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00aa Dolores Flecha-Barrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-4183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014124208","display_name":"M\u00f3nica Segovia P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-2546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00f3nica Segovia-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-2546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rey Juan Carlos University, Paseo Artilleros s/n, Vicalvaro, 28032, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033565322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":6.4433,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9660804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"75","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9614999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.7896033525466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.6674432158470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6220594048500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitality-industry","display_name":"Hospitality industry","score":0.5977807641029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitality","display_name":"Hospitality","score":0.5777210593223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.5728282332420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.5664122700691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-tech","display_name":"High tech","score":0.489303320646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-diversity","display_name":"Gender diversity","score":0.4759135842323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41143161058425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.33541184663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17032477259635925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7896033525466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6674432158470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6220594048500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525551149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495452","display_name":"Hospitality industry","level":3,"score":0.5977807641029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107482638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815825","display_name":"Hospitality","level":3,"score":0.5777210593223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5728282332420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.5664122700691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191920346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466410","display_name":"High tech","level":2,"score":0.489303320646286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501335","display_name":"Gender diversity","level":3,"score":0.4759135842323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41143161058425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33541184663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17032477259635925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184463352","display_name":"Information Technology & Tourism","issn_l":"1098-3058","issn":["1098-3058","1943-4294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology &amp; Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/26553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/26553","pdf_url":"https://eciencia.urjc.es/bitstream/10115/26553/1/Figueroa-Domecq_et_al-2020-Information_Technology_%26_Tourism.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:infott:v:22:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s40558-020-00168-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40558-020-00168-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184463352","display_name":"Information Technology & Tourism","issn_l":"1098-3058","issn":["1098-3058","1943-4294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Technology &amp; Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397472225","display_name":"Women's journey through entrepreneurship in the tourism industry","funder_award_id":"792738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002264400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002264400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74030061","https://openalex.org/W564728953","https://openalex.org/W587094361","https://openalex.org/W1519467021","https://openalex.org/W1526702126","https://openalex.org/W1539149903","https://openalex.org/W1549929196","https://openalex.org/W1552618377","https://openalex.org/W1565594707","https://openalex.org/W1602473963","https://openalex.org/W1747167707","https://openalex.org/W1759768125","https://openalex.org/W1812541930","https://openalex.org/W1823309855","https://openalex.org/W1908827026","https://openalex.org/W1912199916","https://openalex.org/W1930330880","https://openalex.org/W1945517333","https://openalex.org/W1963905966","https://openalex.org/W1965627512","https://openalex.org/W1974236782","https://openalex.org/W1975528784","https://openalex.org/W1987566090","https://openalex.org/W1990522469","https://openalex.org/W1990905638","https://openalex.org/W1992770143","https://openalex.org/W1993337037","https://openalex.org/W1995684393","https://openalex.org/W2003937960","https://openalex.org/W2004990581","https://openalex.org/W2023651229","https://openalex.org/W2034250685","https://openalex.org/W2035117464","https://openalex.org/W2044043937","https://openalex.org/W2047873637","https://openalex.org/W2054803824","https://openalex.org/W2055595553","https://openalex.org/W2059825940","https://openalex.org/W2064474503","https://openalex.org/W2067589470","https://openalex.org/W2070970562","https://openalex.org/W2073212644","https://openalex.org/W2075981876","https://openalex.org/W2079419150","https://openalex.org/W2085424344","https://openalex.org/W2088446666","https://openalex.org/W2100971833","https://openalex.org/W2105601395","https://openalex.org/W2110149928","https://openalex.org/W2120812555","https://openalex.org/W2123168694","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2127036993","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2129181820","https://openalex.org/W2142533675","https://openalex.org/W2158518957","https://openalex.org/W2182830543","https://openalex.org/W2183256359","https://openalex.org/W2184307632","https://openalex.org/W2262104057","https://openalex.org/W2300236801","https://openalex.org/W2319400565","https://openalex.org/W2396288568","https://openalex.org/W2421935140","https://openalex.org/W2477839130","https://openalex.org/W2507151587","https://openalex.org/W2511967114","https://openalex.org/W2524654414","https://openalex.org/W2566359550","https://openalex.org/W2573144384","https://openalex.org/W2579520239","https://openalex.org/W2582326715","https://openalex.org/W2592204358","https://openalex.org/W2596500438","https://openalex.org/W2745015270","https://openalex.org/W2754909501","https://openalex.org/W2766916201","https://openalex.org/W2770128442","https://openalex.org/W2772749773","https://openalex.org/W2788468291","https://openalex.org/W2796298924","https://openalex.org/W2797297964","https://openalex.org/W2802613527","https://openalex.org/W2804475948","https://openalex.org/W2807561418","https://openalex.org/W2885151954","https://openalex.org/W2889532708","https://openalex.org/W2899093299","https://openalex.org/W2904960208","https://openalex.org/W2907003036","https://openalex.org/W2907214503","https://openalex.org/W2912433369","https://openalex.org/W2946333346","https://openalex.org/W2960224865","https://openalex.org/W3122089237","https://openalex.org/W3122236068","https://openalex.org/W4237668741","https://openalex.org/W4254383481","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292689741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3167248615","https://openalex.org/W3195436559","https://openalex.org/W40154911","https://openalex.org/W2057290649","https://openalex.org/W2073098817","https://openalex.org/W250174581","https://openalex.org/W2373766366","https://openalex.org/W3171522609","https://openalex.org/W2331065008","https://openalex.org/W2029400148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,85,101,129],"evolution":[1],"of":[2,19,26,35,62,70,73,77,87,114,131,134,161,176,183],"the":[3,13,17,23,53,68,71,95,105,166,169,173,177,180,200],"Information":[4],"and":[5,16,28,82,91,126,137,147,152,179,187,202],"Communication":[6],"Technologies":[7],"(ICTs)":[8],"continues":[9],"generating":[10],"paradigm-shifts":[11],"in":[12,22,44,52,104,117],"tourism":[14,29,54,106,163],"industry,":[15],"incorporation":[18],"gender":[20,50,89,215],"diversity":[21,216],"managing":[24],"bodies":[25],"hospitality":[27],"firms":[30],"can":[31],"become":[32,94],"a":[33,80,159],"factor":[34],"critical":[36],"success.":[37],"Nevertheless,":[38],"women\u2019s":[39],"under-representation":[40],"on":[41,98,158,185,199,211],"decision-making":[42],"positions":[43],"ICT":[45],"or":[46],"high-tech":[47,115],"organizations":[48,93],"(double":[49],"gap)":[51],"industry":[55,107],"has":[56],"been":[57],"hardly":[58],"evaluated.":[59],"aim":[61],"this":[63,74,99,204],"paper":[64],"is":[65,206],"to":[66,111],"extend":[67],"understanding":[69],"impact":[72,86],"double":[75],"level":[76,175],"discrimination":[78],"at":[79],"vertical":[81],"horizontal":[83],"level.":[84],"stereotypes,":[88],"roles":[90],"gendered":[92],"theoretical":[96],"framework":[97],"study.":[100],"biggest":[102],"multinationals":[103],"were":[108],"classified":[109],"according":[110],"Eurostat\u2019s":[112],"definition":[113],"services":[116],"three":[118],"intensive":[119],"technological":[120,174],"levels":[121],"(High-Tech":[122],"Knowledge":[123],"Intensive;":[124],"Knowledge-Intensive":[125],"Less":[127],"Knowledge-lntensive).":[128],"composition":[130],"their":[132,144],"Board":[133],"Directors":[135],"(BOD)":[136],"Management":[138],"Teams":[139],"(MT)":[140],"was":[141],"analysed,":[142],"through":[143,154],"annual":[145],"reports":[146],"online":[148],"public":[149],"related":[150,164],"documents,":[151],"evaluated":[153],"Content":[155],"Analysis.":[156],"Based":[157],"total":[160],"55":[162],"firms,":[165],"results":[167],"confirm":[168],"direct":[170],"relationship":[171],"between":[172],"companies":[178],"lower":[181],"participation":[182],"women":[184,197,210],"MT":[186],"BOD.":[188],"Results":[189],"also":[190],"show":[191],"that":[192,203],"Gender":[193],"Diversity":[194],"Programs":[195],"promote":[196],"representation":[198],"BOD":[201,212],"relation":[205],"bi-directional,":[207],"i.e.":[208],"more":[209,214],"imply":[213],"programs.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
