{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416510313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","title":"Large language models in healthcare: a systematic evaluation on medical Q/A datasets","display_name":"Large language models in healthcare: a systematic evaluation on medical Q/A datasets","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416510313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41281608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178793","display_name":"Health Information Science and Systems","issn_l":"2047-2501","issn":["2047-2501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Information Science and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120660424","display_name":"Khuzaima Tofeeq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khuzaima Tofeeq","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085980701","display_name":"Asma Naseer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-0526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Naseer","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039309200","display_name":"Aamir Wali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Wali","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-6113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039309200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84906853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5476999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.5476999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.2831999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.3197000026702881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5623000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983241795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Medical decision making","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982822547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Medical treatment","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-025-00397-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178793","display_name":"Health Information Science and Systems","issn_l":"2047-2501","issn":["2047-2501"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Information Science and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41281608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41281608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health information science and systems","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970482702","https://openalex.org/W4223492536","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4319350602","https://openalex.org/W4381587418","https://openalex.org/W4385573637","https://openalex.org/W4387809804","https://openalex.org/W4391301614","https://openalex.org/W4391940656","https://openalex.org/W4392436426","https://openalex.org/W4393397034","https://openalex.org/W4393466856","https://openalex.org/W4394877296","https://openalex.org/W4396718796","https://openalex.org/W4401386758","https://openalex.org/W4402582321","https://openalex.org/W6959790488"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
