{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988089887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","title":"Learning similarity measures from data","display_name":"Learning similarity measures from data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988089887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","mag":"2988089887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480581173","display_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2192-6352","issn":["2192-6352","2192-6360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091203404","display_name":"Bj\u00f8rn Magnus Mathisen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-1835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145027","display_name":"Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnzhb65","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f8rn Magnus Mathisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027911185","display_name":"Agnar Aamodt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145027","display_name":"Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnzhb65","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnar Aamodt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005736644","display_name":"Kerstin Bach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145027","display_name":"Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnzhb65","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Bach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040301804","display_name":"Helge Langseth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145027","display_name":"Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnzhb65","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helge Langseth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, EXPOSED Aquaculture Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145027"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091203404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367","https://openalex.org/I4210145027"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"fwci":4.4797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95699452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"129","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.7857003211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7532002925872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7175255417823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7123674154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6475590467453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6255955696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5820087790489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5187525749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4204847812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.41006147861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39584967494010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33274054527282715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.7857003211975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7532002925872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7175255417823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7123674154281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6475590467453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6255955696105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5820087790489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5187525749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4204847812652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.41006147861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39584967494010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33274054527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480581173","display_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2192-6352","issn":["2192-6352","2192-6360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.05312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.05312","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05312","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2638837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2638837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1-15","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13748-019-00201-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480581173","display_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2192-6352","issn":["2192-6352","2192-6360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1347930852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"237790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3748656914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Norway","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4696460038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"302002390","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988089887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988089887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84281818","https://openalex.org/W151412094","https://openalex.org/W197271055","https://openalex.org/W1487906362","https://openalex.org/W1525830085","https://openalex.org/W1527100270","https://openalex.org/W1598275125","https://openalex.org/W1955055330","https://openalex.org/W2038471323","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2086342366","https://openalex.org/W2088534903","https://openalex.org/W2098789322","https://openalex.org/W2136629812","https://openalex.org/W2137452788","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2161341452","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2182643186","https://openalex.org/W2187250581","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2253522548","https://openalex.org/W2309460698","https://openalex.org/W2432717477","https://openalex.org/W2524346054","https://openalex.org/W2619697695","https://openalex.org/W2751203565","https://openalex.org/W2897790608","https://openalex.org/W2904199725","https://openalex.org/W2963341924","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W4249868739","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6717697761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319693127","https://openalex.org/W308539617","https://openalex.org/W2114797768","https://openalex.org/W2380654781","https://openalex.org/W2072263576","https://openalex.org/W2474567666","https://openalex.org/W2176214140","https://openalex.org/W2516873349","https://openalex.org/W1940044583","https://openalex.org/W2806903871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Defining":[1],"similarity":[2,21,43,101,115,152,157,198,213,221,235,250,260,279,292],"measures":[3,116,261],"is":[4,15,23,46,109,140],"a":[5,31,42,65,100,151,155,202,228,234,273,278],"requirement":[6],"for":[7,49,106,162,167,211,233,277],"some":[8],"machine":[9,68,118,146],"learning":[10,69,147,175,212,248],"methods.":[11],"One":[12],"such":[13,99],"method":[14],"case-based":[16],"reasoning":[17],"(CBR)":[18],"where":[19],"the":[20,27,38,77,82,85,93,112,197,208,238,249,285],"measure":[22,44,158,222,251,280,293],"used":[24,161],"to":[25,37,75,95,110,124,141,144,148,204],"retrieve":[26],"stored":[28],"case":[29],"or":[30,67,97,173,192],"set":[32],"of":[33,63,114,196],"cases":[34],"most":[35],"similar":[36],"query":[39],"case.":[40],"Describing":[41],"analytically":[45],"challenging,":[47],"even":[48],"domain":[50],"experts":[51],"working":[52],"with":[53],"CBR":[54,66,163],"experts.":[55],"However,":[56],"datasets":[57,72],"are":[58,73],"typically":[59],"gathered":[60],"as":[61,131,133,231,242,245,275],"part":[62],"constructing":[64],"system.":[70],"These":[71],"assumed":[74],"contain":[76,92],"features":[78],"that":[79,271,288],"correctly":[80],"identify":[81],"solution":[83],"from":[84,252],"problem":[86],"features;":[87],"thus,":[88],"they":[89],"may":[90],"also":[91,166],"knowledge":[94],"construct":[96],"learn":[98,150],"measure.":[102,153,199],"The":[103,224,268],"main":[104],"motivation":[105],"this":[107,126,182],"work":[108,178],"automate":[111],"construction":[113],"using":[117,272],"learning.":[119],"Additionally,":[120],"we":[121],"would":[122],"like":[123],"do":[125],"while":[127,247,298],"keeping":[128,255,299],"training":[129,190,256,300],"time":[130,257,301],"low":[132],"possible.":[134],"Working":[135],"toward":[136,181],"this,":[137],"our":[138,289],"objective":[139],"investigate":[142],"how":[143],"apply":[145],"effectively":[149],"Such":[154],"learned":[156],"could":[159],"be":[160],"systems,":[164],"but":[165],"clustering":[168],"data":[169,253],"in":[170,218],"semi-supervised":[171],"learning,":[172],"one-shot":[174],"tasks.":[176],"Recent":[177],"has":[179],"advanced":[180],"goal":[183],"which":[184],"relies":[185],"on":[186,264],"either":[187],"very":[188],"long":[189],"times":[191],"manually":[193],"modeling":[194,244],"parts":[195],"We":[200],"created":[201],"framework":[203],"help":[205],"us":[206],"analyze":[207],"current":[209],"methods":[210,297],"measures.":[214],"This":[215],"analysis":[216],"resulted":[217],"two":[219],"novel":[220],"designs:":[223],"first":[225],"design":[226,240,294],"uses":[227,241],"pre-trained":[229],"classifier":[230,274],"basis":[232,276],"measure,":[236],"and":[237,254],"second":[239],"little":[243],"possible":[246],"low.":[258,302],"Both":[259],"were":[262],"evaluated":[263],"14":[265],"different":[266],"datasets.":[267],"evaluation":[269,286],"shows":[270,287],"gives":[281],"state-of-the-art":[282,296],"performance.":[283],"Finally,":[284],"fully":[290],"data-driven":[291],"outperforms":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
