{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021011079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","title":"GPU computing in discrete optimization. Part I: Introduction to the GPU","display_name":"GPU computing in discrete optimization. Part I: Introduction to the GPU","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021011079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","mag":"2021011079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539693","display_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","issn_l":"2192-4376","issn":["2192-4376","2192-4384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005620510","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 R. Brodtkorb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-4594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 R. Brodtkorb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001166506","display_name":"Trond Runar Hagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trond R. Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059665527","display_name":"Christian Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2823-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003369175","display_name":"Geir Hasle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geir Hasle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, P.O. Box 124, Blindern, 0314, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, SINTEF ICT, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003369175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":2.6442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90483395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1-2","first_page":"129","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79754638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6986594200134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.5289112329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4993319511413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.48381489515304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.4400387108325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.4298444092273712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38354232907295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10573074221611023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79754638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6986594200134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5289112329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4993319511413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.48381489515304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.4400387108325958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.4298444092273712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38354232907295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10573074221611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539693","display_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","issn_l":"2192-4376","issn":["2192-4376","2192-4384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2454987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2454987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"129-157","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13676-013-0025-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539693","display_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","issn_l":"2192-4376","issn":["2192-4376","2192-4384"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57243869","https://openalex.org/W1548638602","https://openalex.org/W1753511087","https://openalex.org/W2048108791","https://openalex.org/W2068274735","https://openalex.org/W2070630412","https://openalex.org/W2088943630","https://openalex.org/W2139559439","https://openalex.org/W2148802605","https://openalex.org/W2165231728","https://openalex.org/W2167690872","https://openalex.org/W2169004268","https://openalex.org/W2171806394","https://openalex.org/W2177002043","https://openalex.org/W2249344705","https://openalex.org/W2295862081","https://openalex.org/W2770292898","https://openalex.org/W3148190289","https://openalex.org/W4250981202","https://openalex.org/W6682044232","https://openalex.org/W6691343681"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094339781","https://openalex.org/W2783439599","https://openalex.org/W2358725432","https://openalex.org/W164750744","https://openalex.org/W2114839188","https://openalex.org/W2344775847","https://openalex.org/W2093726305","https://openalex.org/W1983385707","https://openalex.org/W2796567256","https://openalex.org/W2788873494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1],"cases":[2],"there":[3],"is":[4,120,136,170,183],"still":[5],"a":[6,31,39,74,83,125,139,153,163,179,197],"large":[7],"gap":[8],"between":[9],"the":[10,17,25,121,130,173,201],"performance":[11,27,41,92],"of":[12,19,33,43,124,127,132,157,166,175,200],"current":[13],"optimization":[14],"technology":[15],"and":[16,38,77,101,112,147,162,186,231],"requirements":[18],"real":[20],"world":[21],"applications.":[22],"As":[23],"in":[24,59,67,211],"past,":[26],"will":[28],"improve":[29],"through":[30],"combination":[32],"more":[34],"powerful":[35],"solution":[36,95],"methods":[37,96],"general":[40],"increase":[42],"computers.":[44],"These":[45],"factors":[46],"are":[47,104,191],"not":[48],"independent.":[49],"Due":[50],"to":[51,106,137,143],"physical":[52],"limits,":[53],"hardware":[54,116],"development":[55,190],"no":[56],"longer":[57],"results":[58],"higher":[60],"speed":[61],"for":[62,90,188,228],"sequential":[63],"algorithms,":[64],"but":[65],"rather":[66],"increased":[68],"parallelism.":[69],"Modern":[70],"commodity":[71],"PCs":[72,210],"include":[73],"multi-core":[75],"CPU":[76],"at":[78,208],"least":[79],"one":[80],"GPU,":[81],"providing":[82],"low":[84],"cost,":[85],"easily":[86],"accessible":[87],"heterogeneous":[88],"environment":[89],"high":[91],"computing.":[93,168],"New":[94],"that":[97],"combine":[98],"task":[99],"parallelization":[100],"stream":[102],"processing":[103],"needed":[105],"fully":[107],"exploit":[108],"modern":[109,144,158,176,209],"computer":[110,160],"architectures":[111,146],"profit":[113],"from":[114],"future":[115,229],"developments.":[117],"This":[118,169],"paper":[119],"first":[122,134],"part":[123,135],"series":[126],"two,":[128],"where":[129],"goal":[131],"this":[133],"give":[138],"tutorial":[140],"style":[141],"introduction":[142],"PC":[145],"GPU":[148,180],"programming.":[149],"We":[150,222],"start":[151],"with":[152,214,224],"short":[154],"historical":[155],"account":[156],"mainstream":[159],"architectures,":[161],"brief":[164],"description":[165],"parallel":[167,205],"followed":[171],"by":[172],"evolution":[174],"GPUs,":[177],"before":[178],"programming":[181],"example":[182],"given.":[184],"Strategies":[185],"guidelines":[187],"program":[189],"also":[192],"discussed.":[193],"Part":[194],"II":[195],"gives":[196],"broad":[198],"survey":[199],"existing":[202],"literature":[203],"on":[204,217,219],"computing":[206],"targeted":[207],"discrete":[212],"optimization,":[213],"special":[215],"focus":[216],"papers":[218],"routing":[220],"problems.":[221],"conclude":[223],"lessons":[225],"learnt,":[226],"directions":[227],"research,":[230],"prospects.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
