{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409581644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","title":"FOBOS\u00a03: an open-source platform for side-channel analysis and benchmarking","display_name":"FOBOS\u00a03: an open-source platform for side-channel analysis and benchmarking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409581644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093328990","display_name":"Eduardo Ferrufino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2154-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Ferrufino","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028230250","display_name":"Luke Beckwith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5257-4662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Beckwith","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056522593","display_name":"Abubakr Abdulgadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8032-6012"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakr Abdulgadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["PQSecure Technologies, Boca Raton, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PQSecure Technologies, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039598410","display_name":"Jens-Peter Kaps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens-Peter Kaps","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093328990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03453177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.8215439319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6174283623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.606666624546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.5932254791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45917773246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3386324644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24614965915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.20727992057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20389217138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11438858509063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07368159294128418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8215439319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6174283623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.606666624546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.5932254791259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45917773246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3386324644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24614965915679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.20727992057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20389217138290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11438858509063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07368159294128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-025-00368-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2305416322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"70NANB18H219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409581644.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409581644.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1999814287","https://openalex.org/W2033379120","https://openalex.org/W2053832511","https://openalex.org/W2102687953","https://openalex.org/W2295255490","https://openalex.org/W2545302407","https://openalex.org/W2944942867","https://openalex.org/W3005762238","https://openalex.org/W3086104232","https://openalex.org/W3173700271","https://openalex.org/W4234875403","https://openalex.org/W4281651529","https://openalex.org/W4388960175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W2112883198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"lightweight":[2],"cryptography":[3],"(LWC)":[4],"standardization":[5],"process":[6],"by":[7],"the":[8,17,20,51,65],"National":[9],"Institute":[10],"of":[11,16,23,32,37,40,53,83,139],"Standards":[12],"and":[13,28,34,78,95,116,127,141,147],"Technology":[14],"(NIST)":[15],"US":[18],"is":[19,61,74],"latest":[21],"example":[22],"competitions":[24],"that":[25],"require":[26],"benchmarking":[27,96],"side-channel":[29,93,132],"leakage":[30,133],"evaluation":[31,134],"hardware":[33,45,68],"software":[35],"implementations":[36],"a":[38,54,71,80],"multitude":[39],"candidate":[41],"algorithms.":[42],"A":[43],"common":[44],"application":[46],"programming":[47],"interface":[48],"(API)":[49],"streamlines":[50],"development":[52],"test":[55],"harness.":[56],"However,":[57],"no":[58],"existing":[59],"platform":[60,91],"directly":[62],"compatible":[63],"with":[64,112],"LWC":[66],"algorithms\u2019":[67],"interface.":[69],"Hence,":[70],"significant":[72],"effort":[73],"needed":[75],"to":[76,120,154],"evaluate":[77],"benchmark":[79],"large":[81],"number":[82],"candidates.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"presents":[87],"an":[88],"open-source,":[89],"multi-user":[90],"for":[92],"analysis":[94],"we":[97],"call":[98],"FOBOS":[99],"3.":[100],"It":[101,130],"contains":[102],"its":[103],"own":[104],"measurement":[105,138],"board":[106,110],"(FOBOS":[107],"Shield),":[108],"target":[109],"(FBD-A7":[111],"Xilinx":[113],"Artix-7-A12":[114],"FPGA),":[115],"Multi-Target":[117],"Connector":[118],"(MTC)":[119],"use":[121],"microcontroller":[122,148],"boards":[123],"from":[124],"Texas":[125],"Instruments":[126],"ST":[128],"Microelectronics.":[129],"enables":[131],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"power":[140],"energy":[142],"consumption":[143],"on":[144],"both:":[145],"FPGA":[146],"targets.":[149],"Case":[150],"studies":[151],"are":[152],"included":[153],"highlight":[155],"these":[156],"features.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
