{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209238464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","title":"Streamlined NTRU Prime on FPGA","display_name":"Streamlined NTRU Prime on FPGA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209238464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","mag":"3209238464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044162781","display_name":"Bo-Yuan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-7554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Yuan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-7554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027643596","display_name":"Adrian Marotzke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123704","display_name":"NXP (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0268h4j55","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109147379","https://openalex.org/I4210123704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","display_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs1pb34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Marotzke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany","NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-881X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I884043246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NXP Semiconductors, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009245958","display_name":"Ming\u2010Han Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Han Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016631189","display_name":"Bo\u2010Yin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-5282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Yin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-5282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087513049","display_name":"Ho-Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ho-Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044162781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864","https://openalex.org/I4210098366"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.2775,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81778174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"167","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ntru","display_name":"NTRU","score":0.9082303047180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6973935961723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.6559560894966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6109908223152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.5606569647789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.542722225189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4704020917415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.46502137184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.44456714391708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.43840479850769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3941135108470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3521175980567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33632469177246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32339972257614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.2498345673084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.23836886882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0827726423740387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122368425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955493","display_name":"NTRU","level":4,"score":0.9082303047180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6973935961723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.6559560894966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6109908223152161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.5606569647789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.542722225189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4704020917415619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.46502137184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.44456714391708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.43840479850769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3941135108470917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3521175980567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33632469177246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32339972257614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.2498345673084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.23836886882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0827726423740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:11420/14343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11420/14343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401751","display_name":"tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I884043246","host_organization_name":"Hamburg University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884043246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.15480/882.4862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15480/882.4862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052987","display_name":"TUHH Open Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13389-022-00303-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764800400","display_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","issn_l":"2190-8508","issn":["2190-8508","2190-8516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptographic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2041635355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AS-IA-109-M01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","funder_display_name":"Academia Sinica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7604444282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2221-E-001-009- MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","display_name":"Eurostars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209238464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209238464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486264382","https://openalex.org/W1914129518","https://openalex.org/W2110058490","https://openalex.org/W2759759333","https://openalex.org/W2779943051","https://openalex.org/W2795080420","https://openalex.org/W2951701972","https://openalex.org/W3013093367","https://openalex.org/W3014064789","https://openalex.org/W3023641472","https://openalex.org/W3107240409","https://openalex.org/W3129065029","https://openalex.org/W3135898413","https://openalex.org/W3159258450","https://openalex.org/W3171177138","https://openalex.org/W3198160809","https://openalex.org/W4389811761","https://openalex.org/W6960444712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390824577","https://openalex.org/W2386690510","https://openalex.org/W1991360943","https://openalex.org/W2782680317","https://openalex.org/W2365965850","https://openalex.org/W4390245196","https://openalex.org/W3032315956","https://openalex.org/W2384701298","https://openalex.org/W1519546204","https://openalex.org/W2518043120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,24],"present":[2],"a":[3,15,20,33,39,50,53,59,104],"novel":[4],"full":[5],"hardware":[6],"implementation":[7,18],"of":[8,85],"Streamlined":[9,80],"NTRU":[10,81],"Prime,":[11,82],"with":[12,49,83],"two":[13],"variants:":[14],"high-speed,":[16],"high-area":[17],"and":[19,64,67,88,94,118],"slower,":[21],"low-area":[22],"implementation.":[23],"introduce":[25],"several":[26],"new":[27,54,65],"techniques":[28],"that":[29],"improve":[30],"performance,":[31],"including":[32],"batch":[34],"inversion":[35],"for":[36,79,91],"key":[37,95],"generation,":[38,96],"high-speed":[40,60,71],"schoolbook":[41],"polynomial":[42,46],"multiplier,":[43],"an":[44],"NTT":[45],"multiplier":[47],"combined":[48],"CRT":[51],"map,":[52],"DSP-free":[55],"modular":[56],"reduction":[57],"method,":[58],"radix":[61],"sorting":[62],"module,":[63],"encoders":[66],"decoders.":[68],"With":[69],"the":[70,75],"design,":[72],"we":[73],"achieve":[74],"to-date":[76],"fastest":[77],"speeds":[78,84],"5007,":[86],"10,989,":[87],"64,026":[89],"cycles":[90],"encapsulation,":[92],"decapsulation,":[93],"respectively,":[97],"while":[98],"running":[99],"at":[100],"285":[101],"MHz":[102],"on":[103],"Xilinx":[105],"Zynq":[106],"Ultrascale+.":[107],"The":[108],"entire":[109],"design":[110],"uses":[111],"40,060":[112],"LUT,":[113],"26,384":[114],"flip-flops,":[115],"36.5":[116],"Bram,":[117],"31":[119],"DSP.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}