{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411417431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","title":"Development of novel Urdu language part of speech tagging system for improved Urdu text classification","display_name":"Development of novel Urdu language part of speech tagging system for improved Urdu text classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411417431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035868697","display_name":"Muhammad Ishaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246743127","display_name":"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp3q482","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ishaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551283","display_name":"Muhammad Asim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246743127","display_name":"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp3q482","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118332774","display_name":"Ahadullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246743127","display_name":"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp3q482","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahadullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Computer Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018586987","display_name":"Korhan Cengiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-8861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Korhan Cengiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, 31952, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062186976","display_name":"Mario Konecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7020-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Konecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Pavlinska 2, 42000, Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Pavlinska 2, 42000, Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044220134","display_name":"Nikola Ivkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Ivkovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Pavlinska 2, 42000, Vara\u017edin, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, Pavlinska 2, 42000, Vara\u017edin, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035868697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.7312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86930435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.9603959918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7261046171188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6777564883232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5780325531959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech-tagging","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","score":0.421142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37717747688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech","display_name":"Part of speech","score":0.37418729066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2428940236568451}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.9603959918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261046171188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6777564883232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5780325531959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780684714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271424","display_name":"Part-of-speech tagging","level":3,"score":0.421142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37717747688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123406163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82042","display_name":"Part of speech","level":2,"score":0.37418729066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2428940236568451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01473-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310928","display_name":"Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Zagrebu","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328105","display_name":"Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411417431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411417431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566256432","https://openalex.org/W2024512294","https://openalex.org/W2057144102","https://openalex.org/W2057349333","https://openalex.org/W2091507647","https://openalex.org/W2171312815","https://openalex.org/W2409439155","https://openalex.org/W2510889075","https://openalex.org/W2549957643","https://openalex.org/W2792296086","https://openalex.org/W2793398825","https://openalex.org/W2798423693","https://openalex.org/W2885789349","https://openalex.org/W2891488835","https://openalex.org/W2899988377","https://openalex.org/W2969340476","https://openalex.org/W3008993296","https://openalex.org/W3015023488","https://openalex.org/W3021810042","https://openalex.org/W3035548318","https://openalex.org/W3047998504","https://openalex.org/W3081372466","https://openalex.org/W3100618933","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3129959505","https://openalex.org/W3133624139","https://openalex.org/W3159040308","https://openalex.org/W3186887012","https://openalex.org/W3194774163","https://openalex.org/W3202246378","https://openalex.org/W3213680128","https://openalex.org/W3217625925","https://openalex.org/W4200464847","https://openalex.org/W4210273945","https://openalex.org/W4220738400","https://openalex.org/W4220866756","https://openalex.org/W4253678456","https://openalex.org/W4289774704","https://openalex.org/W4312872376","https://openalex.org/W4387350604","https://openalex.org/W4391261149","https://openalex.org/W4400509454","https://openalex.org/W4407835132","https://openalex.org/W4410043023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2250347524","https://openalex.org/W1965453504","https://openalex.org/W2396342956","https://openalex.org/W3128305375","https://openalex.org/W2626026432","https://openalex.org/W2251183413","https://openalex.org/W2949108231","https://openalex.org/W2486838646","https://openalex.org/W2006539681","https://openalex.org/W4408329600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"immediately":[1],"understand":[2],"any":[3],"long":[4],"text":[5,31,197,225],"by":[6,136],"processing":[7],"or":[8,60],"searching":[9],"the":[10,23,35,57,90,97,149,184],"Part-of-Speech":[11],"(POS).":[12],"Optimal":[13],"AI":[14,210],"classifier":[15],"and":[16,39,48,70,74,83,95,125,127,129,146,201,208,234],"a":[17,106,190],"unique":[18,99],"POS":[19,100,103,139,153,180,195,218,228],"tagging":[20,42,104,154,181],"approach":[21],"guarantee":[22],"success":[24],"of":[25,37,108,148,172,186],"natural":[26,223],"language":[27,224],"processing.":[28],"Improved":[29],"Urdu":[30],"classification":[32],"depends":[33],"upon":[34],"choice":[36],"algorithm":[38],"an":[40,84,170],"optimal":[41],"system.":[43],"Support":[44],"Vector":[45],"Machine":[46,235],"(SVM)":[47],"its":[49],"latest":[50],"hyper-tuned":[51],"variants":[52,73,151],"are":[53,87,133,155],"effective":[54],"classifiers":[55,160],"because":[56],"decision":[58],"function":[59],"support":[61],"vectors":[62],"have":[63],"training":[64],"points.":[65],"For":[66],"more":[67,221],"improved":[68,135,194,213],"results":[69,132,164,175],"novelty":[71],"different":[72],"hyperparameters":[75],"will":[76],"be":[77],"used.":[78],"SVM":[79,150],"variants,":[80],"Random":[81,158],"Forest,":[82],"ensemble":[85],"model":[86],"tested":[88],"on":[89,193],"same":[91],"corpus":[92,115],"dataset":[93,116],"with":[94,212],"without":[96],"proposed":[98],"tagger.":[101],"The":[102,114,131,141],"is":[105,117,189],"kind":[107],"feature":[109],"engineering":[110],"for":[111,165,176,199,220],"better":[112,216],"results.":[113],"divided":[118],"into":[119],"four":[120,178],"categories:":[121],"sports,":[122],"entertainment,":[123],"science":[124],"technology,":[126],"business":[128],"economics.":[130],"dramatically":[134],"using":[137,152],"customized":[138],"taggers.":[140],"average":[142,171],"accuracy,":[143],"precision,":[144],"recall,":[145],"F1-score":[147],"above":[156,173],"92%.":[157],"Forest":[159],"give":[161],"over":[162],"95%":[163],"all":[166,177],"matrices.":[167,179],"It":[168],"gives":[169],"98%":[174],"significantly":[182],"improves":[183],"performance":[185],"models.":[187],"There":[188],"special":[191],"focus":[192],"based":[196,237],"categorization":[198],"Quick":[200],"lightweight":[202],"models":[203],"deployment.":[204],"Recent":[205],"emerging":[206],"discriminative":[207],"generative":[209],"algorithms":[211],"architecture":[214],"may":[215],"utilize":[217],"taggers":[219,238],"complex":[222],"classification.":[226],"Rule-Based":[227],"Taggers":[229],"Uses":[230],"handcrafted":[231],"linguistic":[232],"rules":[233],"learning":[236],"Learns":[239],"patterns":[240],"from":[241],"annotated":[242],"corpora.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}