{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410789100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","title":"M3DUSA: A Modular Multi-Modal Deep fUSion Architecture for fake news detection on social media","display_name":"M3DUSA: A Modular Multi-Modal Deep fUSion Architecture for fake news detection on social media","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410789100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048882093","display_name":"Liliana Martirano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-9373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liliana Martirano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077504436","display_name":"Carmela Comito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-4323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmela Comito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025844977","display_name":"Massimo Guarascio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-9833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Guarascio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089644793","display_name":"Francesco Sergio Pisani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Sergio Pisani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004014214","display_name":"Paolo Zicari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-9865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Zicari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, 8/9C - 87036, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048882093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":7.8855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96450791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7427115440368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7198750376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.7109135389328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6989978551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6126829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4678768813610077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46249082684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.46080708503723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.23378339409828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2320469617843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.15962699055671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09186306595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.09031882882118225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7427115440368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7198750376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.7109135389328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6989978551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126829385757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4678768813610077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46249082684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.46080708503723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.23378339409828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2320469617843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.15962699055671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09186306595802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.09031882882118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-025-01468-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2020622295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Big Data","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2918056383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Next Generation EU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317964049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IR0000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G507880695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5538284277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"National Recovery","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5997159177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Next Generation","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6319888261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRIN PNRR 2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8893660128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320769","display_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04fw54a43"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410789100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410789100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2619824656","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3128497535","https://openalex.org/W3144750446","https://openalex.org/W3153567752","https://openalex.org/W4221122068","https://openalex.org/W4284669411","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4311915777","https://openalex.org/W4327644078","https://openalex.org/W4385458448","https://openalex.org/W4385567868","https://openalex.org/W4386913943","https://openalex.org/W4400359919","https://openalex.org/W4401002439","https://openalex.org/W4403431661","https://openalex.org/W4406844638","https://openalex.org/W4409330040","https://openalex.org/W6602046083","https://openalex.org/W6631297034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890339288","https://openalex.org/W2966672946","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W3137554057","https://openalex.org/W4286888643","https://openalex.org/W3205414356","https://openalex.org/W3015693164","https://openalex.org/W2942388309","https://openalex.org/W2996237090","https://openalex.org/W3210795196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Modern":[1],"social":[2,37],"networks":[3],"facilitate":[4],"the":[5,45,96,108,147,156,184,242],"rapid":[6],"global":[7],"dissemination":[8],"of":[9,13,32,48,74,150,186],"news.":[10],"However,":[11],"much":[12],"this":[14,42,58,100,120],"content":[15,144,178],"is":[16],"often":[17],"unverified":[18],"or":[19],"shared":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22,107,193,241],"personal":[23],"opinions":[24],"and":[25,35,38,80,88,173,226,245],"beliefs,":[26],"leading":[27],"to":[28,67,70,83,140,165,210],"widespread":[29],"misinformation,":[30],"erosion":[31],"public":[33],"trust,":[34],"potential":[36],"political":[39],"instability.":[40],"In":[41,119],"evolving":[43],"landscape,":[44],"early":[46,225],"detection":[47,93,169,243],"fake":[49,167,216],"news":[50,168,217],"has":[51],"become":[52],"a":[53,135],"pressing":[54],"challenge.":[55],"To":[56,182],"address":[57],"issue,":[59],"multi-modal":[60,137,212],"approaches":[61],"have":[62],"gained":[63],"increasing":[64],"attention":[65],"due":[66],"their":[68,237],"ability":[69,209],"integrate":[71],"diverse":[72,180],"sources":[73],"information,":[75],"including":[76],"textual":[77],"content,":[78],"images,":[79],"network":[81],"structures,":[82],"capture":[84,232],"richer":[85],"contextual":[86],"cues":[87],"deeper":[89],"semantic":[90],"relationships,":[91],"improving":[92],"performance.":[94],"Despite":[95],"growing":[97],"interest":[98],"in":[99,175],"field,":[101],"there":[102],"remains":[103],"no":[104],"clear":[105],"consensus":[106],"most":[109],"effective":[110],"fusion":[111,160,228],"strategy":[112],"for":[113,214],"integrating":[114],"these":[115],"heterogeneous":[116],"data":[117],"sources.":[118],"work,":[121],"we":[122,189],"introduce":[123],"M3DUSA":[124,187],"$$^1$$":[125],"<mml:math":[126],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[127],"<mml:mmultiscripts>":[128],"<mml:mrow/>":[129,130],"<mml:mn>1</mml:mn>":[131],"</mml:mmultiscripts>":[132],"</mml:math>":[133],",":[134,188],"modular":[136],"framework":[138,163,202],"designed":[139],"effectively":[141,231],"detect":[142],"malicious":[143],"by":[145],"leveraging":[146],"complementary":[148,233],"strengths":[149],"multiple":[151],"modalities.":[152],"By":[153],"systematically":[154],"exploring":[155],"interplay":[157],"between":[158],"different":[159],"techniques,":[161],"our":[162,201],"adapts":[164],"various":[166],"scenarios,":[170],"offering":[171],"flexibility":[172],"robustness":[174],"identifying":[176],"deceptive":[177],"across":[179,235],"contexts.":[181],"evaluate":[183],"effectiveness":[185],"conducted":[190],"extensive":[191],"experiments":[192],"two":[194],"real-world":[195],"datasets.":[196],"The":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200,222],"outperforms":[203],"existing":[204],"methods,":[205],"highlighting":[206],"its":[207],"superior":[208],"exploit":[211],"information":[213],"improved":[215],"detection.":[218],"Our":[219],"findings":[220],"confirm":[221],"while":[223],"both":[224],"late":[227],"strategies":[229],"can":[230],"signals":[234],"modalities,":[236],"advantages":[238],"vary":[239],"depending":[240],"objectives":[244],"dataset":[246],"characteristics.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}