{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293678437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","title":"Disrupting drive-by download networks on Twitter","display_name":"Disrupting drive-by download networks on Twitter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293678437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36035378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065308354","display_name":"Amir Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084794097","display_name":"Ruth Ikwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Ikwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090436792","display_name":"Pete Burnap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pete Burnap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052419350","display_name":"Luca Giommoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3127-654X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Giommoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032832551","display_name":"Matthew Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-6063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew L. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065308354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.2748,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84377436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8777428865432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7607232332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/download","display_name":"Download","score":0.7175381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6734337210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination","display_name":"Dissemination","score":0.5946813821792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.5471521615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5035325884819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4360148012638092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43014711141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.41160574555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.3618462085723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3602711856365204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8777428865432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7607232332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.7175381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6734337210655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101780184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840576","display_name":"Dissemination","level":2,"score":0.5946813821792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.5471521615982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5035325884819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4360148012638092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43014711141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41160574555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.3618462085723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3602711856365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36035378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36035378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social network analysis and mining","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:151876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9391206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9391206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Soc Netw Anal Min","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13278-022-00944-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891196","display_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","issn_l":"1869-5450","issn":["1869-5450","1869-5469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Network Analysis and Mining","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1521336123","display_name":"Academic Centre of Excellence in Cyber Security Research - Cardiff University","funder_award_id":"EP/S018263/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3431057976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/P008755/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072015806","display_name":"ESRC Capital Funding: Social Data Science Lab - Continuation of Methods and Infrastructure Development for Open Data Analytics in Social Research","funder_award_id":"ES/P008755/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5270794459","display_name":"How Online Technologies are Transforming Transnational Organised Crime (Cyber-TNOC)","funder_award_id":"ES/S008853/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6254341031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/S008853/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846730872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018263/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293678437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293678437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1834664710","https://openalex.org/W1866687042","https://openalex.org/W1914027636","https://openalex.org/W1964205953","https://openalex.org/W1971657776","https://openalex.org/W1973240391","https://openalex.org/W1975779626","https://openalex.org/W1993110238","https://openalex.org/W1998201987","https://openalex.org/W2033193852","https://openalex.org/W2034279876","https://openalex.org/W2040467972","https://openalex.org/W2041709326","https://openalex.org/W2055407442","https://openalex.org/W2078069521","https://openalex.org/W2083027138","https://openalex.org/W2092755023","https://openalex.org/W2113755340","https://openalex.org/W2114082014","https://openalex.org/W2119914327","https://openalex.org/W2128397999","https://openalex.org/W2130799864","https://openalex.org/W2142227858","https://openalex.org/W2150474497","https://openalex.org/W2158568356","https://openalex.org/W2171852191","https://openalex.org/W2441196741","https://openalex.org/W2509222396","https://openalex.org/W2524638045","https://openalex.org/W2604507227","https://openalex.org/W2621116887","https://openalex.org/W2768821888","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2790167548","https://openalex.org/W2804890443","https://openalex.org/W2923771419","https://openalex.org/W3046569080","https://openalex.org/W3082338649","https://openalex.org/W3105871290","https://openalex.org/W3121315632","https://openalex.org/W3128187337","https://openalex.org/W3155996479","https://openalex.org/W3186328516","https://openalex.org/W3194513570","https://openalex.org/W4213334678","https://openalex.org/W6600651459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183842793","https://openalex.org/W4255676640","https://openalex.org/W2485259751","https://openalex.org/W4236216870","https://openalex.org/W4243876796","https://openalex.org/W2485273903","https://openalex.org/W2482041988","https://openalex.org/W2489685223","https://openalex.org/W2497349655","https://openalex.org/W2770888382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"tests":[2],"disruption":[3,107,198,223,241],"strategies":[4,224],"in":[5,12,68,93,213],"Twitter":[6,26],"networks":[7,186,216,227],"containing":[8],"malicious":[9,45,188,215,235],"URLs":[10],"used":[11],"drive-by":[13,69],"download":[14,70],"attacks.":[15,71],"Cybercriminals":[16],"use":[17],"popular":[18],"events":[19],"that":[20,121],"attract":[21],"a":[22,84,86,94,244],"large":[23],"number":[24,74],"of":[25,56,65,75,91,135,151,187,195],"users":[27,43,77,92,145],"to":[28,41,44,48,62,102,109,138,140,209,218,228,242],"infect":[29,89],"and":[30,37,53,78,98,125,174,203],"propagate":[31],"malware":[32,66,111,157],"by":[33,82,232],"using":[34],"trending":[35],"hashtags":[36],"creating":[38],"misleading":[39],"tweets":[40],"lure":[42],"webpages.":[46],"Due":[47],"Twitter's":[49],"280":[50],"character":[51],"restriction":[52],"automatic":[54],"shortening":[55],"URLs,":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59,132,163],"particularly":[60],"susceptible":[61],"the":[63,73,79,133,136,152,165,169,180,193],"propagation":[64,112,158],"involved":[67],"Considering":[72],"online":[76,160],"network":[80,106,123,128,137,167,176,197,202,240],"formed":[81],"retweeting":[83],"tweet,":[85],"cybercriminal":[87,166,226],"can":[88],"millions":[90],"short":[95],"period.":[96],"Policymakers":[97],"researchers":[99],"have":[100,207],"struggled":[101],"develop":[103],"an":[104,116],"efficient":[105,117],"strategy":[108,118,183],"stop":[110],"effectively.":[113],"We":[114],"define":[115],"as":[119,201],"one":[120],"considers":[122],"topology":[124],"dependency":[126],"on":[127,159],"resilience,":[129],"where":[130],"resilience":[131],"ability":[134],"continue":[139],"disseminate":[141],"information":[142],"even":[143],"when":[144],"are":[146],"removed":[147],"from":[148],"it.":[149],"One":[150],"challenges":[153],"faced":[154],"while":[155],"curbing":[156],"social":[161,175],"platforms":[162],"understanding":[164],"spreading":[168],"malware.":[170],"Combining":[171],"computational":[172],"modelling":[173],"analysis,":[177],"we":[178],"identify":[179],"most":[181],"effective":[182,212],"for":[184],"disrupting":[185,214],"URLs.":[189],"Our":[190],"results":[191],"emphasise":[192],"importance":[194],"specific":[196],"parameters":[199],"such":[200],"emotion":[204],"features,":[205],"which":[206,237],"proved":[208],"be":[210],"more":[211,230],"compared":[217],"random":[219],"strategies.":[220],"In":[221],"conclusion,":[222],"force":[225],"become":[229,243],"vulnerable":[231],"strategically":[233],"removing":[234],"users,":[236],"causes":[238],"successful":[239],"long-term":[245],"effort.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
