{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284974291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","title":"A Neural-Symbolic Approach for Explanation Generation Based on Sub-concept Detection: An Application of Metric Learning for Low-Time-Budget Labeling","display_name":"A Neural-Symbolic Approach for Explanation Generation Based on Sub-concept Detection: An Application of Metric Learning for Low-Time-Budget Labeling","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284974291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001247456","display_name":"Johannes Rabold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-5881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94626330","display_name":"University of Bamberg","ror":"https://ror.org/01c1w6d29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Rabold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Systems, Otto-Friedrich-Universit\u00e4t, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany","Cognitive Systems, Otto-Friedrich-Universit\u00e4t, Bamberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-5881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems, Otto-Friedrich-Universit\u00e4t, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Systems, Otto-Friedrich-Universit\u00e4t, Bamberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001247456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94626330"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.4162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67658887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3-4","first_page":"225","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9437000155448914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6748639345169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6643438339233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6184190511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5957870483398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5568677186965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-logic-programming","display_name":"Inductive logic programming","score":0.5456247925758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.48578837513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4833919107913971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.4654477536678314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45532870292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41852307319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24282020330429077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6748639345169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6643438339233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6184190511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5957870483398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5568677186965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779382394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464197","display_name":"Inductive logic programming","level":2,"score":0.5456247925758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.48578837513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4833919107913971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.4654477536678314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45532870292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41852307319641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24282020330429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00771-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284974291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284974291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1968970479","https://openalex.org/W1987902506","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2294640577","https://openalex.org/W2789980985","https://openalex.org/W2802751390","https://openalex.org/W2888570478","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2951134183","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962924847","https://openalex.org/W2963610729","https://openalex.org/W2963749936","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W3000473298","https://openalex.org/W3013276880","https://openalex.org/W3042107226","https://openalex.org/W3085955563","https://openalex.org/W3196211645","https://openalex.org/W3216178672","https://openalex.org/W4210880854","https://openalex.org/W4283821503","https://openalex.org/W6683413043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978856588","https://openalex.org/W2995623605","https://openalex.org/W2953272728","https://openalex.org/W1501498539","https://openalex.org/W1558569658","https://openalex.org/W2075445622","https://openalex.org/W1589689346","https://openalex.org/W1497649523","https://openalex.org/W2596195431","https://openalex.org/W3081111626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Deep":[1],"learning":[2,89,174],"methods,":[3],"although":[4],"effective":[5],"in":[6,46],"their":[7,16,127],"assigned":[8],"tasks,":[9],"are":[10,108],"mostly":[11],"black-boxes":[12],"with":[13,22,75,151,161,176],"respect":[14,152],"to":[15,71,111,133,141,153,179],"inner":[17],"workings.":[18],"For":[19],"image":[20,106],"classification":[21,43,58],"CNNs,":[23],"there":[24],"exists":[25],"a":[26,98,101,112,118,143],"variety":[27],"of":[28,35,104,114,172,182,186,190],"visual":[29,49,64,73],"explanation":[30],"methods":[31],"that":[32,38,146],"highlight":[33],"parts":[34,107],"input":[36],"images":[37,116],"were":[39],"relevant":[40],"for":[41,100,137],"the":[42,57,149,154,162,169],"result.":[44],"But":[45],"many":[47],"domains":[48],"highlighting":[50],"may":[51],"not":[52],"be":[53],"expressive":[54,192],"enough":[55],"when":[56],"relies":[59],"on":[60],"complex":[61],"relations":[62,129],"within":[63],"concepts.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69,191],"approach":[70,158],"enrich":[72],"explanations":[74],"verbal":[76],"local":[77],"explanations,":[78],"emphasizing":[79],"important":[80,105],"relational":[81],"information.":[82],"The":[83,122,157],"proposed":[84],"SymMetric":[85],"algorithm":[86],"combines":[87],"metric":[88,173],"and":[90,126,139,175,188],"inductive":[91],"logic":[92],"programming":[93],"(ILP).":[94],"Labels":[95],"given":[96,155],"by":[97],"human":[99],"small":[102],"subset":[103],"first":[109],"generalized":[110],"neighborhood":[113],"similar":[115],"using":[117],"learned":[119],"distance":[120],"metric.":[121],"information":[123],"about":[124],"labels":[125],"spatial":[128,183],"is":[130,159],"then":[131],"used":[132],"build":[134],"background":[135],"knowledge":[136],"ILP":[138],"ultimately":[140],"learn":[142],"first-order":[144],"theory":[145],"locally":[147],"explains":[148],"black-box":[150],"image.":[156],"evaluated":[160],"Dogs":[163],"vs.":[164],"Cats":[165],"data":[166],"set":[167],"demonstrating":[168],"generalization":[170],"ability":[171],"Picasso":[177],"Faces":[178],"illustrate":[180],"recognition":[181],"meaningful":[184],"constellations":[185],"sub-concepts":[187],"creation":[189],"explanation.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
