{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285089004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","title":"Agnostic Explanation of Model Change based on Feature Importance","display_name":"Agnostic Explanation of Model Change based on Feature Importance","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285089004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009176870","display_name":"Maximilian Muschalik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-0204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Muschalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-0204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072839657","display_name":"Fabian Fumagalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-3510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Fumagalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-3510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091180862","display_name":"Barbara Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059439673","display_name":"Eyke H\u00fcllermeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9944-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyke H\u00fcllermeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9944-4108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009176870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":2.2208,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8944016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3-4","first_page":"211","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8226243257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6420763731002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6368772983551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6071232557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5805870890617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5682199597358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5586392879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.46198707818984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.43717294931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.4354337453842163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8226243257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6420763731002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6368772983551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6071232557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5805870890617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5682199597358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5586392879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.46198707818984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.43717294931411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4354337453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de:94663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-epub-94663-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401845","display_name":"Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2964421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2964421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401670","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00766-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622223166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"438445824","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323390","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285089004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285089004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1525647652","https://openalex.org/W1585854823","https://openalex.org/W1747560487","https://openalex.org/W1878893887","https://openalex.org/W2010657328","https://openalex.org/W2032395696","https://openalex.org/W2037187889","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2068714596","https://openalex.org/W2091825929","https://openalex.org/W2099419573","https://openalex.org/W2100406636","https://openalex.org/W2103012681","https://openalex.org/W2132180964","https://openalex.org/W2143991132","https://openalex.org/W2162152641","https://openalex.org/W2171266161","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2289463038","https://openalex.org/W2585508806","https://openalex.org/W2626498001","https://openalex.org/W2758219826","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2791425844","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2898017895","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2958514452","https://openalex.org/W2962774976","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2999615587","https://openalex.org/W3041019899","https://openalex.org/W3101981467","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3124373176","https://openalex.org/W3135693966","https://openalex.org/W4241336979","https://openalex.org/W4255466416","https://openalex.org/W4396586506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295309597","https://openalex.org/W4210794429","https://openalex.org/W4223456145","https://openalex.org/W4309113015","https://openalex.org/W3199608561","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4295681619","https://openalex.org/W3014815208","https://openalex.org/W4298144215","https://openalex.org/W4375930479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Explainable":[1],"Artificial":[2],"Intelligence":[3],"(XAI)":[4],"has":[5],"mainly":[6],"focused":[7],"on":[8,98,144],"static":[9],"learning":[10,25,31],"tasks":[11],"so":[12,122],"far.":[13],"In":[14,75],"this":[15,76],"paper,":[16],"we":[17,51,78],"consider":[18],"XAI":[19],"in":[20,26],"the":[21,45,53,62,72,80,102,115,129],"context":[22],"of":[23,47,55,71,101],"online":[24],"dynamic":[27],"environments,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"from":[32],"real-time":[33],"data":[34,147],"streams,":[35],"where":[36],"models":[37,65,73],"are":[38],"learned":[39],"incrementally":[40],"and":[41,67,89,117,134,139],"continuously":[42],"adapted":[43],"over":[44],"course":[46],"time.":[48],"More":[49],"specifically,":[50],"motivate":[52],"problem":[54],"explaining":[56,61,90],"model":[57,92,152],"change":[58],",":[59],"i.e.":[60],"difference":[63],"between":[64],"before":[66],"after":[68],"adaptation,":[69],"instead":[70],"themselves.":[74],"regard,":[77],"provide":[79],"first":[81],"efficient":[82],"model-agnostic":[83],"approach":[84,95],"to":[85,131],"dynamically":[86],"detecting,":[87],"quantifying,":[88],"significant":[91],"changes.":[93],"Our":[94],"is":[96],"based":[97],"an":[99],"adaptation":[100],"well-known":[103],"Permutation":[104],"Feature":[105],"Importance":[106],"(PFI)":[107],"measure.":[108],"It":[109],"includes":[110],"two":[111],"hyperparameters":[112],"that":[113,123],"control":[114],"sensitivity":[116],"directly":[118],"influence":[119],"explanation":[120],"frequency,":[121],"a":[124],"human":[125],"user":[126],"can":[127],"adjust":[128],"method":[130],"individual":[132],"requirements":[133],"application":[135],"needs.":[136],"We":[137],"assess":[138],"validate":[140],"our":[141],"method\u2019s":[142],"efficacy":[143],"illustrative":[145],"synthetic":[146],"streams":[148],"with":[149],"three":[150],"popular":[151],"classes.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}