{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280575138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","title":"Explaining Artificial Intelligence with Care","display_name":"Explaining Artificial Intelligence with Care","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280575138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070331812","display_name":"Gero Szepannek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-1283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148663","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Stralsund","ror":"https://ror.org/04g99jx54","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148663"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gero Szepannek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8456-1283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062364961","display_name":"Karsten L\u00fcbke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5129-4886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801697266","display_name":"FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05m3vpd98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801697266"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten L\u00fcbke","raw_affiliation_strings":["FOM University of Applied Sciences, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOM University of Applied Sciences, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801697266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070331812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148663"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.1098,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81113605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"125","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7570834159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6754947900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6212209463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6066224575042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5536973476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5485726594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5287337303161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5170034170150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4822714924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4722910523414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.4560307562351227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4268406629562378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7570834159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6754947900772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6212209463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6066224575042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5536973476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5485726594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5287337303161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5170034170150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4822714924812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4722910523414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.4560307562351227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4268406629562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-022-00764-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234608","display_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280575138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280575138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190984618","https://openalex.org/W1585680390","https://openalex.org/W2102201073","https://openalex.org/W2132862423","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2257457474","https://openalex.org/W2276924083","https://openalex.org/W2298599339","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2532500452","https://openalex.org/W2764072425","https://openalex.org/W2797928606","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2810511505","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2996717911","https://openalex.org/W3004693983","https://openalex.org/W3099802519","https://openalex.org/W3176827378","https://openalex.org/W3196286047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295309597","https://openalex.org/W4210794429","https://openalex.org/W4223456145","https://openalex.org/W4309113015","https://openalex.org/W3199608561","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W3167427713","https://openalex.org/W4295681619","https://openalex.org/W2251988637","https://openalex.org/W3014815208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,18,28,42,54,73,115,129,133,142,156,162,167,184,194,208],"recent":[3],"past,":[4],"several":[5],"popular":[6,124],"failures":[7],"of":[8,32,41,49,92,117,131,139,150,159,164,169,187,196],"black":[9],"box":[10],"AI":[11],"systems":[12],"and":[13,23,62,75,178],"regulatory":[14],"requirements":[15],"have":[16],"increased":[17],"research":[19],"interest":[20],"in":[21,95,112,161],"explainable":[22,188],"interpretable":[24],"machine":[25,151],"learning.":[26],"Among":[27],"different":[29],"available":[30],"approaches":[31],"model":[33,55,74,84,118,153,174],"explanation,":[34],"partial":[35],"dependence":[36],"plots":[37],"(PDP)":[38],"represent":[39],"one":[40],"most":[43],"famous":[44],"methods":[45],"for":[46,173],"model-agnostic":[47],"assessment":[48],"a":[50,69,83,88,123,170],"feature\u2019s":[51],"effect":[52],"on":[53,72,82,122],"response.":[56],"Although":[57],"PDPs":[58],"are":[59],"commonly":[60],"used":[61,186],"easy":[63],"to":[64,78,145,200],"apply":[65],"they":[66],"only":[67],"provide":[68],"simplified":[70],"view":[71,160],"thus":[76],"risk":[77],"be":[79,91],"misleading.":[80],"Relying":[81],"interpretation":[85],"given":[86,206],"by":[87,207],"PDP":[89],"can":[90],"dramatic":[93],"consequences":[94],"an":[96],"application":[97],"area":[98],"such":[99],"as":[100,180,182,204],"forensics":[101],"where":[102],"decisions":[103],"may":[104],"directly":[105],"affect":[106],"people\u2019s":[107],"life.":[108],"For":[109,191],"this":[110,113,140,192],"reason":[111],"paper":[114,143],"degree":[116],"explainability":[119,197],"is":[120,198],"investigated":[121],"real-world":[125],"data":[126],"set":[127],"from":[128,155],"field":[130],"forensics:":[132,165],"glass":[134,209],"identification":[135],"database.":[136],"By":[137],"means":[138],"example":[141],"aims":[144],"illustrate":[146],"two":[147],"important":[148],"aspects":[149],"learning":[152],"development":[154],"practical":[157],"point":[158],"context":[163],"(1)":[166],"importance":[168],"proper":[171],"process":[172],"selection,":[175],"hyperparameter":[176],"tuning":[177],"validation":[179],"well":[181],"(2)":[183],"careful":[185],"artificial":[189],"intelligence.":[190],"purpose,":[193],"concept":[195],"extended":[199],"multiclass":[201],"classification":[202],"problems":[203],"e.g.":[205],"data.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}