{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198730737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","title":"Early Introduction of AI in Spanish Middle Schools. A Motivational Study","display_name":"Early Introduction of AI in Spanish Middle Schools. A Motivational Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198730737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","mag":"3198730737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306517913","display_name":"Künstliche Intell.","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001163192","display_name":"Carmen Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CETINIA, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETINIA, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087105671","display_name":"Isidoro Hern\u00e1n Losada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-6031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isidoro Hern\u00e1n-Losada","raw_affiliation_strings":["LITE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LITE, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063206552","display_name":"Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-6856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CETINIA, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETINIA, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063206552"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9492,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96198774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"163","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12395","display_name":"Educational Innovations and Technology","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12395","display_name":"Educational Innovations and Technology","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14246","display_name":"E-Learning and Knowledge Management","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6938369274139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.578101396560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5665680170059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5236461162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5091926455497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4600304365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4539863169193268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.43306902050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4111028015613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.2917742133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.17086666822433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.12008687853813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.08879402279853821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6938369274139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.578101396560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5665680170059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5236461162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5091926455497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4600304365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4539863169193268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.43306902050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4111028015613556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2917742133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.17086666822433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.12008687853813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.08879402279853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306517913","display_name":"Künstliche Intell.","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/18614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10115/18614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13218-021-00735-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306517913","display_name":"Künstliche Intell.","issn_l":"0933-1875","issn":["0933-1875","1610-1987"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324496","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198730737.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198730737.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1633674991","https://openalex.org/W1994828514","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2572242934","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2654569425","https://openalex.org/W2735575534","https://openalex.org/W2926307131","https://openalex.org/W2942193471","https://openalex.org/W4246599567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4388258507","https://openalex.org/W2392013855","https://openalex.org/W4318064328","https://openalex.org/W2357926602","https://openalex.org/W3200517220","https://openalex.org/W2374569605","https://openalex.org/W2386062718","https://openalex.org/W4393047559","https://openalex.org/W899618282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,22],"paper":[2],"describes":[3],"the":[4,13,28,39,54,65,76,94,110,119],"practical":[5],"initiative":[6],"to":[7,63,128],"include":[8],"Artificial":[9,47],"Intelligence":[10,48],"(AI)":[11],"in":[12,25,34,83],"Spanish":[14],"educational":[15],"system\u2019s":[16],"curriculum":[17],"at":[18,70,78,131],"an":[19,46,71,132],"early":[20,72,133],"age.":[21,134],"proposal":[23],"is":[24,125],"line":[26],"with":[27],"current":[29],"trend":[30],"of":[31,67,93,113],"introducing":[32,68,109],"AI":[33,69,97,130],"school":[35,82],"curricula":[36],"all":[37],"over":[38],"world.":[40],"To":[41],"this":[42],"end,":[43],"we":[44,74],"propose":[45],"workshop":[49],"for":[50],"middle":[51,81],"schools":[52],"within":[53],"existing":[55],"subject,":[56],"Technology,":[57],"Programming":[58],"and":[59,90,107,118],"Robotics.":[60],"In":[61],"order":[62],"test":[64],"suitability":[66],"age,":[73],"conducted":[75],"activities":[77],"a":[79,88],"bilingual":[80],"Madrid.":[84],"As":[85],"evaluation":[86],"tools,":[87],"quiz":[89],"motivational":[91],"study":[92],"students":[95,115],"concerning":[96],"was":[98,121],"carried":[99],"out":[100],"using":[101],"Situational":[102],"Motivational":[103],"Scale":[104],"(SIMS)":[105],"before":[106],"after":[108],"activities.":[111],"Responses":[112],"84":[114],"were":[116],"analysed":[117],"conclusion":[120],"reached":[122],"that":[123],"it":[124],"slightly":[126],"better":[127],"introduce":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}