{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163337975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w","title":"The Urban Bus Routing Problem: Toward a Hybrid Deep Learning and Adaptive Metaheuristic Approach","display_name":"The Urban Bus Routing Problem: Toward a Hybrid Deep Learning and Adaptive Metaheuristic Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163337975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118678737","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research","issn_l":"1348-8503","issn":["1348-8503","1868-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082953871","display_name":"Sayda Ben Sghaier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayda Ben Sghaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Institute of Management of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Management of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082953871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62345602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"993","last_page":"1017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.38370001316070557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.678600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380204","display_name":"Service level","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62469222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092103","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","level":5,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-026-00633-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118678737","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research","issn_l":"1348-8503","issn":["1348-8503","1868-8659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7224977016448975,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031571380","https://openalex.org/W2045481516","https://openalex.org/W2062361991","https://openalex.org/W2072584679","https://openalex.org/W2095028785","https://openalex.org/W2105002757","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W3000215093","https://openalex.org/W3111582934","https://openalex.org/W3157480904","https://openalex.org/W3159839246","https://openalex.org/W4224930309","https://openalex.org/W4281567033","https://openalex.org/W4310989007","https://openalex.org/W4390643670","https://openalex.org/W4402171167","https://openalex.org/W4402521902","https://openalex.org/W4402601449","https://openalex.org/W4407255816","https://openalex.org/W4410217957","https://openalex.org/W4415020412","https://openalex.org/W4415422981","https://openalex.org/W4415537112"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-24T06:01:01.537669","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}
