{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097892076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","title":"Sizing multi-tier systems with temporal dependence: benchmarks and analytic models","display_name":"Sizing multi-tier systems with temporal dependence: benchmarks and analytic models","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097892076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","mag":"2097892076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13174-010-0012-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13174-010-0012-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091825452","display_name":"Ningfang Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0934-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningfang Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","[Northeastern University,Boston,USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Northeastern University,Boston,USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045967404","display_name":"Giuliano Casale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4548-7951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuliano Casale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, London, UK","#N#Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016669578","display_name":"Ludmila Cherkasova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-4901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludmila Cherkasova","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA","HP labs, Palo Alto, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP labs, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017102040","display_name":"Evgenia Smirni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-581X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","display_name":"William & Mary","ror":"https://ror.org/03hsf0573","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I267592682","display_name":"Williams (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/007zhvp17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgenia Smirni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","College of William and Mary , Williamsburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of William and Mary , Williamsburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16285277","https://openalex.org/I267592682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"apc_paid":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"fwci":3.395,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94695732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"117","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burstiness","display_name":"Burstiness","score":0.9965798854827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8486036062240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.7854273319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6445319056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.636066198348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.563766598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5352663993835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4514174461364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4251718819141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.349179208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3332397937774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17031386494636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.09516537189483643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781023610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006304","display_name":"Burstiness","level":3,"score":0.9965798854827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8486036062240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.7854273319244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6445319056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.636066198348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.563766598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5352663993835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4514174461364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4251718819141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.349179208278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3332397937774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17031386494636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.09516537189483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13174-010-0012-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.295.9658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.295.9658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Lucy_Cherkasova/papers/jisa10benchmark.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13174-010-0012-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13174-010-0012-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1250476","display_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","issn_l":"1867-4828","issn":["1867-4828","1869-0238"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4219359379","display_name":"CSR-SMA: Autocorrelated Flows in Systems: Analytic Models and Applications","funder_award_id":"0720699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5525495360","display_name":"CPA-ACR-CSA: Effective Resource Allocation under Temporal Dependence","funder_award_id":"0811417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097892076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097892076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196807934","https://openalex.org/W1498041267","https://openalex.org/W1518749691","https://openalex.org/W1554376039","https://openalex.org/W1588337406","https://openalex.org/W1595668546","https://openalex.org/W1607246164","https://openalex.org/W1884008352","https://openalex.org/W1964336327","https://openalex.org/W1978006658","https://openalex.org/W1985382559","https://openalex.org/W1990500937","https://openalex.org/W1993460946","https://openalex.org/W2007686801","https://openalex.org/W2011660823","https://openalex.org/W2012327378","https://openalex.org/W2015757551","https://openalex.org/W2018802579","https://openalex.org/W2022013117","https://openalex.org/W2024758283","https://openalex.org/W2042359934","https://openalex.org/W2045449769","https://openalex.org/W2046183884","https://openalex.org/W2047363947","https://openalex.org/W2057249754","https://openalex.org/W2058521308","https://openalex.org/W2066660519","https://openalex.org/W2066782797","https://openalex.org/W2067244657","https://openalex.org/W2067298769","https://openalex.org/W2089664152","https://openalex.org/W2093663866","https://openalex.org/W2112269116","https://openalex.org/W2120867648","https://openalex.org/W2121529758","https://openalex.org/W2126022651","https://openalex.org/W2130235153","https://openalex.org/W2131126403","https://openalex.org/W2133985894","https://openalex.org/W2144684817","https://openalex.org/W2148275477","https://openalex.org/W2151621361","https://openalex.org/W2153054861","https://openalex.org/W2155239436","https://openalex.org/W2155669300","https://openalex.org/W2159055595","https://openalex.org/W2160728547","https://openalex.org/W2165968972","https://openalex.org/W2171683602","https://openalex.org/W2799598053","https://openalex.org/W3007863253","https://openalex.org/W3009715459","https://openalex.org/W4230133813","https://openalex.org/W4237831889","https://openalex.org/W4248479541","https://openalex.org/W4248898840","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300126076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1843717240","https://openalex.org/W2340440348","https://openalex.org/W2508200300","https://openalex.org/W2737070158","https://openalex.org/W4297850514","https://openalex.org/W2495822618","https://openalex.org/W1591572210","https://openalex.org/W2138256111","https://openalex.org/W1906989185","https://openalex.org/W1574103160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Temporal":[1],"dependence,":[2],"as":[3,232],"a":[4,77,117,124,205,221,233,240,252],"synonym":[5],"for":[6,49,255,263],"burstiness,":[7,161],"is":[8,99],"often":[9],"found":[10],"in":[11,19,93,116,144,173,220],"workloads":[12],"(i.e.,":[13],"arrival":[14,218],"flows":[15],"and/or":[16],"service":[17,114],"times)":[18],"enterprise":[20,267],"systems":[21,51],"that":[22,30,63,127,137,168,177],"use":[23],"the":[24,28,102,113,129,156,182,217,228,256,259],"multi-tier":[25,50],"paradigm.":[26],"Despite":[27],"fact":[29],"burstiness":[31,86,111,172,215,249],"has":[32],"deleterious":[33],"effects":[34],"on":[35,101,123],"performance,":[36],"existing":[37,64,179,209],"modeling":[38,97,133],"and":[39,70,79,89,110,139,150,223,250],"benchmarking":[40,90,166],"techniques":[41],"do":[42],"not":[43],"provide":[44],"an":[45,164],"effective":[46,80],"capacity":[47,157,264],"planning":[48,158,265],"with":[52],"temporal":[53],"dependence.":[54],"In":[55,196],"this":[56,197,201],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,75,162,199],"first":[59],"present":[60],"strong":[61,253],"evidence":[62],"models":[65,88],"cannot":[66],"capture":[67],"bursty":[68,149],"conditions":[69],"accurately":[71],"predict":[72],"performance.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"propose":[76,163],"simple":[78],"sizing":[81],"methodology":[82,98],"to":[83,188,213,248],"integrate":[84],"workload":[85,171],"into":[87,208,216],"tools":[91],"used":[92],"system":[94,190,244],"sizing.":[95],"This":[96,237],"based":[100],"index":[103,229],"of":[104,112,131,230,243,258,266],"dispersion":[105,231],"which":[106,211],"jointly":[107],"captures":[108],"variability":[109],"process":[115,159],"single":[118,234],"number.":[119],"We":[120,175],"report":[121],"experimentation":[122],"real":[125],"testbed":[126],"validates":[128],"accuracy":[130],"our":[132],"technique":[134,167],"by":[135,203,226],"showing":[136],"experimental":[138],"model":[140],"prediction":[141],"results":[142],"are":[143,186],"excellent":[145],"agreement":[146],"under":[147,160,193],"both":[148],"non-bursty":[151,194],"workloads.":[152],"To":[153],"further":[154],"support":[155],"enhanced":[165],"can":[169],"emulate":[170],"systems.":[174,268],"find":[176],"most":[178],"benchmarks,":[180,210],"like":[181],"standard":[183],"TPC-W":[184],"benchmark,":[185],"designed":[187],"assess":[189],"performance":[191,245],"only":[192],"conditions.":[195],"work,":[198],"rectify":[200],"deficiency":[202],"introducing":[204],"new":[206],"module":[207],"allows":[212],"inject":[214],"stream":[219],"controllable":[222],"reproducible":[224],"manner":[225],"using":[227],"turnable":[235],"knob.":[236],"approach":[238],"enables":[239],"better":[241],"understanding":[242],"degradation":[246],"due":[247],"makes":[251],"case":[254],"usefulness":[257],"proposed":[260],"benchmark":[261],"enhancement":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
