{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027090091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","title":"Handwritten character recognition using wavelet energy and extreme learning machine","display_name":"Handwritten character recognition using wavelet energy and extreme learning machine","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027090091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","mag":"2027090091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764999920","display_name":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1868-8071","issn":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108694287","display_name":"Binu P. Chacko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52703040","display_name":"Kannur University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zz2cd87","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binu P. Chacko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038416914","display_name":"V. R. Vimal Krishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52703040","display_name":"Kannur University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zz2cd87","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. R. Vimal Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055641056","display_name":"G. Raju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-1801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52703040","display_name":"Kannur University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zz2cd87","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Raju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085008795","display_name":"Puji Anto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-8227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52703040","display_name":"Kannur University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zz2cd87","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Babu Anto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Kannur University, Kannur India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108694287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52703040"],"apc_list":{"value":3590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":180,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9964318,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"149","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7851712703704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.7279574871063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6658201813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6563507318496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5676274299621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.525787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4889136850833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.475344181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.47185373306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationary-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Stationary wavelet transform","score":0.460006982088089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43960991501808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4231155812740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-packet-decomposition","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","score":0.40064698457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36551618576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3172132968902588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7851712703704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.7279574871063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6658201813697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6563507318496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5676274299621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.525787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4889136850833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.475344181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47185373306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73339587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375942","display_name":"Stationary wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.460006982088089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43960991501808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4231155812740326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155777637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736187","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","level":4,"score":0.40064698457717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36551618576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3172132968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-011-0049-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764999920","display_name":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics","issn_l":"1868-8071","issn":["1868-8071","1868-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323076","display_name":"Binus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmf4s77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335111","display_name":"Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/030fy4q75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183012178","https://openalex.org/W1539938656","https://openalex.org/W1604031295","https://openalex.org/W1906553149","https://openalex.org/W1976192005","https://openalex.org/W1977218226","https://openalex.org/W1977582554","https://openalex.org/W1985578595","https://openalex.org/W1985893686","https://openalex.org/W1990938413","https://openalex.org/W1993638205","https://openalex.org/W1994045935","https://openalex.org/W1994615285","https://openalex.org/W1998318956","https://openalex.org/W2000020734","https://openalex.org/W2002728347","https://openalex.org/W2003910950","https://openalex.org/W2007674113","https://openalex.org/W2015396889","https://openalex.org/W2024986448","https://openalex.org/W2027305455","https://openalex.org/W2029049225","https://openalex.org/W2031563291","https://openalex.org/W2040604977","https://openalex.org/W2042941532","https://openalex.org/W2047408816","https://openalex.org/W2055871004","https://openalex.org/W2056470375","https://openalex.org/W2057475527","https://openalex.org/W2058652897","https://openalex.org/W2062387331","https://openalex.org/W2063481345","https://openalex.org/W2077151522","https://openalex.org/W2077365163","https://openalex.org/W2080380228","https://openalex.org/W2083843839","https://openalex.org/W2093701247","https://openalex.org/W2095391233","https://openalex.org/W2095885101","https://openalex.org/W2096987757","https://openalex.org/W2101435584","https://openalex.org/W2103950334","https://openalex.org/W2107918262","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2111727897","https://openalex.org/W2112274905","https://openalex.org/W2112595202","https://openalex.org/W2114335942","https://openalex.org/W2115496941","https://openalex.org/W2118655027","https://openalex.org/W2120163503","https://openalex.org/W2122040390","https://openalex.org/W2125628918","https://openalex.org/W2126492183","https://openalex.org/W2127483147","https://openalex.org/W2128994752","https://openalex.org/W2130378394","https://openalex.org/W2132339053","https://openalex.org/W2133552271","https://openalex.org/W2134843395","https://openalex.org/W2136549839","https://openalex.org/W2138270545","https://openalex.org/W2138738684","https://openalex.org/W2138879373","https://openalex.org/W2140476162","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2144443709","https://openalex.org/W2158054309","https://openalex.org/W2159311532","https://openalex.org/W2160035919","https://openalex.org/W2163943059","https://openalex.org/W2165967751","https://openalex.org/W2166116275","https://openalex.org/W2167982865","https://openalex.org/W2168137864","https://openalex.org/W2171927392","https://openalex.org/W2221592422","https://openalex.org/W2278731850","https://openalex.org/W2516905376","https://openalex.org/W2550196224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085792030","https://openalex.org/W1588899229","https://openalex.org/W1967182499","https://openalex.org/W4321517526","https://openalex.org/W1976022598","https://openalex.org/W2391053410","https://openalex.org/W2111896212","https://openalex.org/W2001281573","https://openalex.org/W2097034666","https://openalex.org/W2360367699"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}