{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220782936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","title":"An active semi-supervised deep learning model for human activity recognition","display_name":"An active semi-supervised deep learning model for human activity recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220782936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48031226","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","issn_l":"1868-5137","issn":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haixia Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, 710049, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-0332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022292656","display_name":"Miquel Perell\u00f3-Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-424X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miquel Perello-Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028764929","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Santos\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-3905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raul Santos-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936560","display_name":"Peter Flach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-5810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Flach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062152110","display_name":"Ian Craddock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Craddock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057936560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"fwci":3.0462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92643414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"13049","last_page":"13065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9509000182151794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8421347141265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7561010718345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6972110271453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6195703744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6163106560707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5618044137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5357412695884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5295834541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4413376748561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42125093936920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.41686132550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3559170067310333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8421347141265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7561010718345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6972110271453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6195703744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6163106560707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5618044137954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5357412695884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5295834541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4413376748561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42125093936920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.41686132550239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3559170067310333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48031226","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","issn_l":"1868-5137","issn":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/054d4974-4182-4456-a282-f6854dace2e1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/054d4974-4182-4456-a282-f6854dace2e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bi, H, Perello-Nieto, M, Santos-Rodriguez, R, Flach, P & Craddock, I 2023, 'An active semi-supervised deep learning model for human activity recognition', Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 13049-13065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12652-022-03768-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48031226","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","issn_l":"1868-5137","issn":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3315974449","display_name":"SPHERE - A Sensor Platform for HEalthcare in a Residential Environment (IRC Next Steps)","funder_award_id":"EP/R005273/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7396137307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R005273/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7629027287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V024817/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220782936.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220782936.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48781597","https://openalex.org/W867138012","https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2035787713","https://openalex.org/W2038577858","https://openalex.org/W2060414549","https://openalex.org/W2069988724","https://openalex.org/W2117614111","https://openalex.org/W2136431085","https://openalex.org/W2145343602","https://openalex.org/W2247209766","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2553915786","https://openalex.org/W2748818549","https://openalex.org/W2767979715","https://openalex.org/W2783358183","https://openalex.org/W2783511312","https://openalex.org/W2905852111","https://openalex.org/W2911378276","https://openalex.org/W2913885682","https://openalex.org/W2914619376","https://openalex.org/W2917032349","https://openalex.org/W2947898397","https://openalex.org/W2963054573","https://openalex.org/W2963442201","https://openalex.org/W2963521811","https://openalex.org/W2965344373","https://openalex.org/W2972118594","https://openalex.org/W2972376155","https://openalex.org/W2998376881","https://openalex.org/W2998467809","https://openalex.org/W3004925702","https://openalex.org/W3008741834","https://openalex.org/W3009224218","https://openalex.org/W3021673939","https://openalex.org/W3033361357","https://openalex.org/W3043588830","https://openalex.org/W3046349935","https://openalex.org/W3083367988","https://openalex.org/W3099025572","https://openalex.org/W3105698493","https://openalex.org/W3106268016","https://openalex.org/W3108060352","https://openalex.org/W3111112601","https://openalex.org/W3173400793","https://openalex.org/W3177183117","https://openalex.org/W4230586052","https://openalex.org/W6603835181","https://openalex.org/W6828653558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361861616","https://openalex.org/W2263699433","https://openalex.org/W2377979023","https://openalex.org/W2218034408","https://openalex.org/W2392921965","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2358755282","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Human":[1],"activity":[2],"recognition":[3],"(HAR),":[4],"which":[5,73,130],"aims":[6],"at":[7,239],"inferring":[8],"the":[9,49,57,89,95,105,118,137,140,190,193,197,213,225,231],"behavioral":[10],"patterns":[11],"of":[12,27,46,60,125,139,162,182,192,196,215,230],"people,":[13],"is":[14,86],"a":[15,44,68,109,168,180],"fundamental":[16],"research":[17],"problem":[18],"in":[19,31,37,56,108,167,211],"digital":[20],"health":[21],"and":[22,77,165,175,204,219,227],"ambient":[23],"intelligence.":[24],"The":[25,83,155,186,234],"application":[26],"machine":[28],"learning":[29,76,79],"methods":[30],"HAR":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"investigated":[35],"vigorously":[36],"recent":[38],"years.":[39],"However,":[40],"there":[41],"are":[42,237],"still":[43],"number":[45],"challenges":[47],"confronting":[48],"task,":[50],"where":[51],"one":[52,81],"significant":[53],"barrier":[54],"lies":[55],"longstanding":[58],"shortage":[59],"annotations.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"this":[64],"issue,":[65],"we":[66,114],"establish":[67],"new":[69],"paradigm":[70],"for":[71,99],"HAR,":[72],"integrates":[74],"active":[75,200],"semi-supervised":[78,110,205],"into":[80],"framework.":[82],"main":[84],"idea":[85],"to":[87,116],"reduce":[88],"annotation":[90,170],"cost":[91],"by":[92,135],"actively":[93],"selecting":[94],"most":[96],"informative":[97],"samples":[98],"annotation,":[100],"as":[101,103],"well":[102],"leveraging":[104],"unlabelled":[106,120],"instances":[107],"way.":[111],"In":[112],"particular,":[113],"propose":[115],"utilize":[117],"massive":[119],"data":[121],"via":[122],"temporal":[123,209],"ensembling":[124],"convolutional":[126],"neural":[127],"networks":[128,142],"(CNN),":[129],"yields":[131],"robust":[132],"consensus":[133],"predictions":[134],"aggregating":[136],"outputs":[138],"training":[141,207],"on":[143,150,172],"different":[144],"epochs.":[145],"We":[146],"conducted":[147],"extensive":[148],"experiments":[149,222],"three":[151],"public":[152],"benchmark":[153],"datasets.":[154],"proposed":[156,232],"method":[157],"achieves":[158],"Macro":[159],"F1":[160],"values":[161],"0.76,":[163],"0.45":[164],"0.91":[166],"low":[169],"scenario":[171],"PAMAP2,":[173],"USCHAD":[174],"UCIHAR":[176],"datasets":[177],"respectively,":[178],"outperforming":[179],"multitude":[181],"state-of-the-art":[183],"deep":[184],"models.":[185],"ablation":[187],"study":[188],"proves":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"two":[194],"components":[195],"framework,":[198],"i.e.,":[199],"learning-based":[201],"sample":[202],"selection":[203],"model":[206],"with":[208],"ensembling,":[210],"alleviating":[212],"issue":[214],"insufficient":[216],"labels.":[217],"Cross-validation":[218],"statistical":[220],"significance":[221],"further":[223],"demonstrate":[224],"robustness":[226],"generalization":[228],"ability":[229],"method.":[233],"source":[235],"codes":[236],"available":[238],"https://github.com/HaixiaBi1982/ActSemiCNNAct.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
