{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018026610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","title":"Deep neural networks to predict diabetic retinopathy","display_name":"Deep neural networks to predict diabetic retinopathy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018026610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","mag":"3018026610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48031226","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","issn_l":"1868-5137","issn":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084945799","display_name":"Neelu Khare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-0637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neelu Khare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089469340","display_name":"Sweta Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-164X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sweta Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072898466","display_name":"Saurabh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1118-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064982530","display_name":"Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-2495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041541232","display_name":"Gautam Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48890080","display_name":"Brandon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp25a50","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48890080"]}],"countries":["CA","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gautam Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Brandon University, Brandon, R7A 6A9, Canada","Research Center for Interneural Computing, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Brandon University, Brandon, R7A 6A9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48890080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Interneural Computing, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041541232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492","https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I48890080"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.1093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":283,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99505458,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"5407","last_page":"5420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7394883632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6982773542404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6348099708557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5816850662231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5738575458526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.560123860836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5550805330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.5479975342750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5327408909797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4702906608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4661617875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.4500496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.4453158676624298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.12027433514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10858169198036194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7394883632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6982773542404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6348099708557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5816850662231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5738575458526611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.560123860836029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5550805330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5479975342750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5327408909797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4702906608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4661617875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4500496983528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.4453158676624298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.12027433514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10858169198036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01963-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48031226","display_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","issn_l":"1868-5137","issn":["1868-5137","1868-5145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1982168774","https://openalex.org/W2000052253","https://openalex.org/W2007836484","https://openalex.org/W2031390600","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2088422930","https://openalex.org/W2124521298","https://openalex.org/W2138480916","https://openalex.org/W2171651020","https://openalex.org/W2187980362","https://openalex.org/W2204950599","https://openalex.org/W2230970864","https://openalex.org/W2232748179","https://openalex.org/W2290145898","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2332271625","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2587753722","https://openalex.org/W2593991500","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2724715869","https://openalex.org/W2738328909","https://openalex.org/W2774746093","https://openalex.org/W2782445165","https://openalex.org/W2802306291","https://openalex.org/W2886863761","https://openalex.org/W2899963038","https://openalex.org/W2900329012","https://openalex.org/W2907743631","https://openalex.org/W2921196390","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2942586440","https://openalex.org/W2949743083","https://openalex.org/W2964291324","https://openalex.org/W2969887765","https://openalex.org/W3001364574","https://openalex.org/W3005147719","https://openalex.org/W3005965793","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3179326041","https://openalex.org/W4294552392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249730947","https://openalex.org/W4237698013","https://openalex.org/W2401657978","https://openalex.org/W4220767796","https://openalex.org/W2042797887","https://openalex.org/W3046286921","https://openalex.org/W4388065772","https://openalex.org/W2184730658","https://openalex.org/W2005103005","https://openalex.org/W114689906"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}