{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162335444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","title":"Equipping With Cognition: A Metacognition-Inspired Reinforcement Learning Approach for Multiobjective Safety-Critical Systems","display_name":"Equipping With Cognition: A Metacognition-Inspired Reinforcement Learning Approach for Multiobjective Safety-Critical Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162335444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133078663","display_name":"Cognitive Computation","issn_l":"1866-9956","issn":["1866-9956","1866-9964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136936437","display_name":"Zhibin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136943306","display_name":"Xiang Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136924965","display_name":"Huiqun Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136943306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56525591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4399000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.4399000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.265500009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.09780000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8722000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-safety","display_name":"Active safety","score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.3093000054359436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8722000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127757376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056514","display_name":"Active safety","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82142266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456604","display_name":"Dynamic Bayesian network","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133078663","display_name":"Cognitive Computation","issn_l":"1866-9956","issn":["1866-9956","1866-9964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12559-026-10602-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133078663","display_name":"Cognitive Computation","issn_l":"1866-9956","issn":["1866-9956","1866-9964"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6847122438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.62136003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162335444.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162335444.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506085041","https://openalex.org/W1987725948","https://openalex.org/W1994005439","https://openalex.org/W2016678909","https://openalex.org/W2045276965","https://openalex.org/W2084261982","https://openalex.org/W2132453167","https://openalex.org/W2141481921","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2166566250","https://openalex.org/W2516542501","https://openalex.org/W2615257378","https://openalex.org/W2795313737","https://openalex.org/W2981300409","https://openalex.org/W3090027660","https://openalex.org/W3162876702","https://openalex.org/W3197344417","https://openalex.org/W3203076355","https://openalex.org/W4225148555","https://openalex.org/W4233638968","https://openalex.org/W4309890414","https://openalex.org/W4312081468","https://openalex.org/W4379876012","https://openalex.org/W4383199419","https://openalex.org/W4388286312","https://openalex.org/W4391697132","https://openalex.org/W4402808965","https://openalex.org/W4405934173","https://openalex.org/W4409364052","https://openalex.org/W4412169010"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,75,136,160,176],"increasing":[2],"complexity":[3],"of":[4],"safety-critical":[5],"systems,":[6],"reinforcement":[7,30,64],"learning":[8,31,65,142],"(RL)":[9],"agents":[10],"are":[11],"required":[12],"to":[13,47,124,138],"optimize":[14],"multiple":[15],"objectives":[16],"while":[17,180],"facing":[18],"progressively":[19],"higher":[20],"safety":[21,91,95,103,146,204],"requirements":[22,147],"in":[23,153,159,172,206],"dynamic":[24,114],"and":[25,38,87,97,112,183,189,203],"nonstationary":[26,208],"environments.":[27,209],"Existing":[28],"multiobjective":[29],"(MORL)":[32],"methods":[33],"typically":[34],"assume":[35],"stationary":[36],"dynamics":[37],"rely":[39],"on":[40],"fixed":[41],"reward":[42,99,115,126],"structures,":[43],"limiting":[44],"their":[45],"ability":[46],"maintain":[48],"safety-performance":[49],"trade-offs":[50],"under":[51],"environmental":[52],"shifts.":[53],"To":[54],"address":[55],"this":[56],"limitation,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"MMOSRL,":[60],"a":[61,69,108,113,129,168],"hierarchical":[62],"metacognition-inspired":[63],"framework":[66],"that":[67,158,195],"introduces":[68],"dedicated":[70],"metacognitive":[71,79,198],"control":[72,199],"layer":[73,80],"above":[74],"RL":[76],"agent.":[77],"The":[78,192],"is":[81,105,118],"structured":[82,197],"into":[83],"three":[84],"components\u2014knowledge,":[85],"monitoring,":[86],"reflection\u2014which":[88],"collectively":[89],"enable":[90],"feature":[92],"decomposition,":[93],"real-time":[94],"evaluation,":[96],"adaptive":[98],"regulation.":[100],"In":[101],"particular,":[102],"degradation":[104],"detected":[106],"through":[107],"normalized":[109],"survival":[110],"score,":[111],"reshaping":[116],"mechanism":[117],"triggered":[119],"via":[120],"Safe":[121],"Bayesian":[122],"Optimization":[123],"adjust":[125],"hyperparameters":[127],"within":[128],"constrained":[130],"search":[131],"space.":[132],"This":[133],"design":[134],"allows":[135],"agent":[137],"continuously":[139],"realign":[140],"its":[141],"objective":[143],"with":[144],"evolving":[145],"without":[148],"retraining.":[149],"Simulation":[150],"experiments":[151],"conducted":[152],"autonomous":[154],"driving":[155],"scenarios":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"most":[161],"challenging":[162],"high-density":[163],"traffic":[164],"conditions,":[165],"MMOSRL":[166],"achieves":[167],"3.9%":[169],"absolute":[170],"improvement":[171],"success":[173],"rate":[174],"over":[175],"state-of-the-art":[177],"baseline":[178],"(PSL-MORL),":[179],"reducing":[181],"collision":[182],"lane":[184],"departure":[185],"rates":[186],"by":[187],"2.8%":[188],"1.1%,":[190],"respectively.":[191],"results":[193],"validate":[194],"incorporating":[196],"effectively":[200],"enhances":[201],"robustness":[202],"compliance":[205],"multiobjective,":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}