{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414620792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","title":"Key influencing factors in vehicle platoons: a systematic study and review","display_name":"Key influencing factors in vehicle platoons: a systematic study and review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414620792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008711409","display_name":"Fernando Viadero\u2010Monasterio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-8340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Viadero-Monasterio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-8340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074176161","display_name":"Miguel Mel\u00e9ndez\u2010Useros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-9438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Mel\u00e9ndez-Useros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-9438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012788918","display_name":"Manuel Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Salas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-4051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Jim\u00e9nez-Salas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-4051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023304219","display_name":"Beatriz L. Boada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz L\u00f3pez Boada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-068X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058375483","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez Boada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-0023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez Boada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-0023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Advanced Vehicle Dynamics and Mechatronic Systems (VEDYMEC), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30 (edificio Sabatini), Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, 28911, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008711409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":3.514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93212228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.754800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-to-vehicle","display_name":"Vehicle-to-vehicle","score":0.32589998841285706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.754800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6888999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780241275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicle-to-vehicle","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146799927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420920","display_name":"Vehicle Information and Communication System","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09746-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1177005095","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-136468OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1768739153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024/00741/001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","funder_display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414620792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414620792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544016679","https://openalex.org/W1977270854","https://openalex.org/W1990942831","https://openalex.org/W2003307877","https://openalex.org/W2011970275","https://openalex.org/W2017622624","https://openalex.org/W2033705835","https://openalex.org/W2072451636","https://openalex.org/W2089910489","https://openalex.org/W2136217764","https://openalex.org/W2293420391","https://openalex.org/W2410447053","https://openalex.org/W2575594057","https://openalex.org/W2765595474","https://openalex.org/W2901696004","https://openalex.org/W2921436962","https://openalex.org/W2947351871","https://openalex.org/W2954559437","https://openalex.org/W3004433506","https://openalex.org/W3006205439","https://openalex.org/W3010059468","https://openalex.org/W3012427577","https://openalex.org/W3016160019","https://openalex.org/W3017563551","https://openalex.org/W3109994442","https://openalex.org/W3133779210","https://openalex.org/W4214643773","https://openalex.org/W4220865210","https://openalex.org/W4225133222","https://openalex.org/W4225516142","https://openalex.org/W4281972499","https://openalex.org/W4294068709","https://openalex.org/W4312252431","https://openalex.org/W4315779290","https://openalex.org/W4322763643","https://openalex.org/W4327814952","https://openalex.org/W4365509003","https://openalex.org/W4381839879","https://openalex.org/W4385304311","https://openalex.org/W4387423368","https://openalex.org/W4391111379","https://openalex.org/W4393972740","https://openalex.org/W4396594783","https://openalex.org/W4398164795","https://openalex.org/W4399767530","https://openalex.org/W4399768476","https://openalex.org/W4399920665","https://openalex.org/W4400034065","https://openalex.org/W4400444691","https://openalex.org/W4400643607","https://openalex.org/W4400645825","https://openalex.org/W4401630793","https://openalex.org/W4401815799","https://openalex.org/W4401906784","https://openalex.org/W4402193213","https://openalex.org/W4402351929","https://openalex.org/W4403445942","https://openalex.org/W4404509056","https://openalex.org/W4404512586","https://openalex.org/W4404977230","https://openalex.org/W4405922686","https://openalex.org/W4405940714","https://openalex.org/W4406296281","https://openalex.org/W4407361590","https://openalex.org/W4410359285","https://openalex.org/W4412082002","https://openalex.org/W4412375000"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"platooning":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,85],"promising":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,30,127],"enhancing":[7],"traffic":[8,32],"efficiency":[9],"in":[10,42,76,145],"autonomous":[11],"driving.":[12],"This":[13],"technique":[14],"offers":[15],"numerous":[16],"benefits,":[17],"including":[18,62],"reduced":[19],"travel":[20],"time,":[21],"lower":[22],"emissions,":[23],"improved":[24],"fuel":[25],"efficiency,":[26],"and":[27,72],"the":[28,35,38,55,59,89,105,119],"potential":[29],"mitigate":[31],"congestion.":[33],"Despite":[34],"aforementioned":[36],"advantages,":[37],"technology":[39],"is":[40],"still":[41],"its":[43],"developmental":[44],"stages,":[45],"facing":[46],"several":[47],"significant":[48],"technical":[49],"issues.":[50],"Key":[51],"challenges":[52],"arise":[53],"from":[54],"evolving":[56],"nature":[57],"of":[58,91,108],"vehicle":[60,63,109],"platoon,":[61],"heterogeneity,":[64],"external":[65,100,135],"disturbances":[66],"like":[67],"wind":[68],"affecting":[69],"longitudinal":[70],"dynamics,":[71],"delays":[73],"or":[74],"interruptions":[75],"communication":[77,96],"networks.":[78],"For":[79],"these":[80],"reasons,":[81],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"conducts":[84],"simulation-based":[86],"research":[87],"into":[88],"impact":[90],"various":[92],"factors,":[93,132],"such":[94,133],"as":[95,123,134],"delays,":[97],"network":[98,116],"disconnections,":[99],"disturbances,":[101,136],"among":[102],"others,":[103],"on":[104],"string":[106,129,140],"stability":[107,141],"platoons.":[110],"The":[111],"simulation":[112],"results":[113],"reveal":[114],"that":[115],"disconnections":[117],"have":[118],"most":[120],"detrimental":[121],"effect,":[122],"they":[124],"can":[125],"lead":[126],"severe":[128],"instability.":[130],"Other":[131],"do":[137],"not":[138],"compromise":[139],"but":[142],"may":[143],"result":[144],"steady-state":[146],"tracking":[147],"errors.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
