{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414339914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","title":"Continual learning approaches for anomaly detection","display_name":"Continual learning approaches for anomaly detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414339914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051255576","display_name":"Davide Dalle Pezze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-1021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Dalle Pezze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-1021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004512541","display_name":"Eugenia Anello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenia Anello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019668140","display_name":"Chiara Masiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1948-049X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089461","display_name":"PENTA Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7mpc92","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089461"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Masiero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statwolf Data Science Srl, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statwolf Data Science Srl, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026617079","display_name":"Gian Antonio Susto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-9639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Antonio Susto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051255576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":6.3222,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96241095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7764000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.30640000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7764000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3562488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3562488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12530-025-09732-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202254422","display_name":"Evolving Systems","issn_l":"1868-6478","issn":["1868-6478","1868-6486"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evolving Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414339914.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414339914.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966716734","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2617118670","https://openalex.org/W2786446225","https://openalex.org/W2791091755","https://openalex.org/W2902332709","https://openalex.org/W2936845163","https://openalex.org/W2948982773","https://openalex.org/W2963045681","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2978098801","https://openalex.org/W3008314020","https://openalex.org/W3034648032","https://openalex.org/W3040726448","https://openalex.org/W3042228527","https://openalex.org/W3091958244","https://openalex.org/W3092704883","https://openalex.org/W3094953068","https://openalex.org/W3098511564","https://openalex.org/W3110148193","https://openalex.org/W3130320103","https://openalex.org/W3162623502","https://openalex.org/W3169651898","https://openalex.org/W3183588514","https://openalex.org/W3215481765","https://openalex.org/W4205231125","https://openalex.org/W4213354309","https://openalex.org/W4221158958","https://openalex.org/W4281699205","https://openalex.org/W4287683875","https://openalex.org/W4290057685","https://openalex.org/W4304091765","https://openalex.org/W4307020421","https://openalex.org/W4308311155","https://openalex.org/W4383876878","https://openalex.org/W4385462854","https://openalex.org/W4391992447","https://openalex.org/W4402917235","https://openalex.org/W4409683787"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Anomaly":[1,46],"detection":[2],"(AD)":[3],"is":[4,22,118],"a":[5,104,109,124,141],"relevant":[6],"problem":[7,43],"in":[8,18,37,50,82,166],"numerous":[9],"real-world":[10,19],"applications,":[11,20],"especially":[12],"when":[13,112],"dealing":[14,113],"with":[15,114,168],"images.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[21],"common":[23],"that":[24],"the":[25,42,51,56,60,65,83,87,94,115,119,159,169,176],"input":[26],"data":[27,62],"distribution":[28],"can":[29],"change":[30],"over":[31],"time,":[32],"decreasing":[33],"performance":[34],"significantly.":[35],"Therefore,":[36,138],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"we":[40,139],"investigate":[41],"of":[44,67,126],"Visual":[45],"Detection":[47],"at":[48],"Pixel-Level":[49],"Continual":[52],"Learning":[53],"setting,":[54],"where":[55,99],"model":[57],"adapts":[58],"to":[59,80,103,122,162],"new":[61,105],"while":[63,151,180],"maintaining":[64],"knowledge":[66],"old":[68],"data.":[69],"We":[70,90],"implement":[71],"and":[72,77],"test":[73],"several":[74],"AD":[75,97,170,178],"techniques":[76],"adapt":[78],"them":[79,92],"work":[81],"CL":[84],"setting":[85],"using":[86,93],"Replay":[88,116],"approach.":[89],"evaluate":[91],"well-known":[95],"MVTec":[96],"Dataset,":[98],"each":[100],"object":[101],"corresponds":[102],"learning":[106],"task.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"significant":[110],"challenge":[111],"approach":[117,143],"memory":[120,183],"occupied":[121],"store":[123],"portion":[125],"past":[127],"images,":[128],"which":[129,146],"could":[130],"be":[131],"too":[132],"heavy":[133],"for":[134,174],"many":[135],"resource-constrained":[136],"systems.":[137],"propose":[140],"novel":[142],"called":[144],"SCALE,":[145],"performs":[147],"high":[148],"compression":[149],"levels":[150],"preserving":[152],"image":[153],"quality":[154],"through":[155],"Super-Resolution":[156],"techniques.":[157],"Using":[158],"SCALE":[160],"method":[161],"compress":[163],"replay":[164],"memory,":[165],"conjunction":[167],"technique":[171],"Inpaint,":[172],"allows":[173],"obtaining":[175],"best":[177],"results":[179],"significantly":[181],"reducing":[182],"consumption.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}