{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306949810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","title":"The role of design patterns in the development and legal assessment of lawful technologies","display_name":"The role of design patterns in the development and legal assessment of lawful technologies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306949810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36285152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137519996","display_name":"Electronic Markets","issn_l":"1019-6781","issn":["1019-6781","1422-8890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Markets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067197266","display_name":"Ernestine Dickhaut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ernestine Dickhaut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-4038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047490037","display_name":"Mahei Manhai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-9130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahei Manhai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-9130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083020821","display_name":"Andreas Janson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-0340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Janson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-0340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031171331","display_name":"Jan Marco Leimeister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-2894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Marco Leimeister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany","Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-2894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, ITeG, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Management, University of St. Gallen, M\u00fcller\u2011Friedberg\u2011Strasse 8, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067197266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.4645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69095812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"2311","last_page":"2331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4692143201828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3658393621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24776676297187805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4692143201828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3658393621444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24776676297187805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137519996","display_name":"Electronic Markets","issn_l":"1019-6781","issn":["1019-6781","1422-8890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Markets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36285152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36285152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic markets","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.alexandria.unisg.ch:267494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400650","display_name":"Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158813","host_organization_name":"St.Gallen University of Teacher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158813"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:elmark:v:32:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s12525-022-00597-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/306411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/306411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de:123456789/14536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/doi:10.17170/kobra-202303157641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400093","display_name":"Kobra (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Kassel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","host_organization_name":"University of Kassel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"status-type:publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9584246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9584246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electron Mark","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.17170/kobra-202303157641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202303157641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12525-022-00597-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137519996","display_name":"Electronic Markets","issn_l":"1019-6781","issn":["1019-6781","1422-8890"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Markets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6492058329","display_name":"Anforderungs und Entwurfsmuster zur rechtsvertr\u00e4glichen und qualit\u00e4tszentrierten Gestaltung kontextsensitiver Applikationen (AnEkA)","funder_award_id":"348084924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311363","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327735","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Kassel","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306949810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306949810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62439361","https://openalex.org/W139043267","https://openalex.org/W159321140","https://openalex.org/W161256173","https://openalex.org/W195192084","https://openalex.org/W1599080961","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1810516467","https://openalex.org/W1968983388","https://openalex.org/W1978129870","https://openalex.org/W2023058619","https://openalex.org/W2033455994","https://openalex.org/W2035437115","https://openalex.org/W2047884962","https://openalex.org/W2076100242","https://openalex.org/W2105455005","https://openalex.org/W2120489714","https://openalex.org/W2129902001","https://openalex.org/W2159593279","https://openalex.org/W2492957416","https://openalex.org/W2547062142","https://openalex.org/W2559333414","https://openalex.org/W2575831860","https://openalex.org/W2585906017","https://openalex.org/W2610728795","https://openalex.org/W2775765270","https://openalex.org/W2809041732","https://openalex.org/W2904119980","https://openalex.org/W2925515791","https://openalex.org/W2957485764","https://openalex.org/W2958006912","https://openalex.org/W2996350641","https://openalex.org/W3015533107","https://openalex.org/W3022607203","https://openalex.org/W3026547558","https://openalex.org/W3041798920","https://openalex.org/W3046853792","https://openalex.org/W3121859504","https://openalex.org/W3125770638","https://openalex.org/W3141789851","https://openalex.org/W3165431244","https://openalex.org/W3198216753","https://openalex.org/W3204673339","https://openalex.org/W4220692215","https://openalex.org/W4223906509","https://openalex.org/W4242704521","https://openalex.org/W6613708388","https://openalex.org/W6748661833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765153054","https://openalex.org/W2931838652","https://openalex.org/W2596173151","https://openalex.org/W3080576469","https://openalex.org/W4231340554","https://openalex.org/W1491839574","https://openalex.org/W3168296622","https://openalex.org/W2011945577","https://openalex.org/W4307515305","https://openalex.org/W563843507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Novel":[0],"technologies":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"smart":[4,120],"personal":[5,16,121],"assistants":[6,122],"integrate":[7],"digital":[8],"services":[9,14,51],"into":[10],"everyday":[11],"life.":[12],"These":[13],"use":[15],"data":[17,28],"to":[18,26,46,98,143,153],"offer":[19],"personalized":[20],"services.":[21],"While":[22],"they":[23],"are":[24,37,96],"subject":[25],"special":[27],"protection":[29],"regulations":[30],"at":[31],"the":[32,41,69,125,133,136,147],"time":[33],"of":[34,135,150],"development,":[35],"there":[36],"few":[38],"guidelines":[39],"describing":[40],"transition":[42],"from":[43],"legal":[44,55,60,65,85,106],"requirements":[45],"implementation.":[47],"To":[48],"reduce":[49],"risks,":[50],"depend":[52],"on":[53],"external":[54],"assessments.":[56],"With":[57],"developers":[58,83,104],"and":[59,84,87,105,123,145,155],"experts":[61,107],"often":[62],"missing":[63],"either":[64],"or":[66],"technical":[67],"knowledge,":[68],"challenge":[70],"lies":[71],"in":[72,92],"bridging":[73],"this":[74],"gap.":[75],"We":[76,113],"observe":[77],"that":[78],"design":[79,94,151],"patterns":[80,95,152],"support":[81],"both":[82,103],"experts,":[86],"we":[88,138],"present":[89],"an":[90],"approach":[91],"which":[93],"leveraged":[97],"provide":[99],"twofold":[100,148],"value":[101,149],"for":[102,119],"when":[108],"dealing":[109],"with":[110],"novel":[111],"technologies.":[112,158],"conducted":[114],"a":[115,140],"revelatory":[116],"case":[117,126],"study":[118],"scaffolded":[124],"interpretation":[127],"through":[128],"cognitive":[129],"fit":[130],"theory.":[131],"On":[132],"basis":[134],"findings,":[137],"develop":[139,154],"theoretical":[141],"model":[142],"explain":[144],"predict":[146],"assess":[156],"lawful":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
