{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404042837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","title":"To ride-hail or not to ride-hail? Complementarity and competition between public transit and transportation network companies through the lens of app data","display_name":"To ride-hail or not to ride-hail? Complementarity and competition between public transit and transportation network companies through the lens of app data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404042837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33948620","display_name":"Public Transport","issn_l":"1613-7159","issn":["1613-7159","1866-749X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Transport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050542530","display_name":"Hengfang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-8441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengfang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072502985","display_name":"Edgar Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074902260","display_name":"Sage Gibbons","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sage Gibbons","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059083364","display_name":"Justin De Benedictis-Kessner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-379X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178102782","display_name":"John F. Kennedy University","ror":"https://ror.org/050p9wj26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178102782","https://openalex.org/I4210086682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin de Benedictis-Kessner","raw_affiliation_strings":["John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I178102782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ryan Qi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083670541","display_name":"Daniel T. O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-8586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114780","display_name":"Boston Area Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqppr80","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114780"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel T. O\u2019Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Area Research Initiative, Boston, USA","School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs and School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-8586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Area Research Initiative, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs and School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083670541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I4210114780"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":0.6949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64395184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"831","last_page":"854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.7930637001991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.7840566039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5929455757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5057449340820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transit","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","score":0.4551853537559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-rail-transit","display_name":"Light rail transit","score":0.44028007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.397222101688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36109673976898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3299109935760498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.7930637001991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.7840566039085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5929455757141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5057449340820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.4551853537559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984150052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268865","display_name":"Light rail transit","level":3,"score":0.44028007984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.397222101688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36109673976898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3299109935760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33948620","display_name":"Public Transport","issn_l":"1613-7159","issn":["1613-7159","1866-749X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Transport","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:pubtra:v:16:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s12469-023-00338-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12469-023-00338-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33948620","display_name":"Public Transport","issn_l":"1613-7159","issn":["1613-7159","1866-749X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Transport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315304","display_name":"Massachusetts Department of Transportation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404042837.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404042837.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W1969029112","https://openalex.org/W2020703579","https://openalex.org/W2040010062","https://openalex.org/W2043649051","https://openalex.org/W2163863509","https://openalex.org/W2440599146","https://openalex.org/W2500941883","https://openalex.org/W2516964143","https://openalex.org/W2548731756","https://openalex.org/W2561641272","https://openalex.org/W2747193592","https://openalex.org/W2768812946","https://openalex.org/W2789989363","https://openalex.org/W2806738058","https://openalex.org/W2886864340","https://openalex.org/W2889617671","https://openalex.org/W2938880260","https://openalex.org/W2969231231","https://openalex.org/W2978464194","https://openalex.org/W2990651761","https://openalex.org/W3005805710","https://openalex.org/W3006958671","https://openalex.org/W3009095099","https://openalex.org/W3017338266","https://openalex.org/W3122906089","https://openalex.org/W3131314556","https://openalex.org/W3135286377","https://openalex.org/W3193072259","https://openalex.org/W4210311650","https://openalex.org/W4241047449","https://openalex.org/W4286484248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048859969","https://openalex.org/W2052743154","https://openalex.org/W3162329824","https://openalex.org/W4241894368","https://openalex.org/W823842769","https://openalex.org/W4388420020","https://openalex.org/W629573010","https://openalex.org/W4238517002","https://openalex.org/W612797586","https://openalex.org/W2466747990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Transportation":[1],"Network":[2],"Company":[3],"(TNC)":[4],"services":[5],"have":[6],"become":[7],"a":[8,148,229,256],"prominent":[9],"factor":[10],"in":[11,14,96,123],"urban":[12],"transportation":[13,201],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"and":[17,101,114,161,194,248,252],"there":[18],"is":[19],"an":[20,139,260],"ongoing":[21],"debate":[22],"regarding":[23],"their":[24],"relationship":[25],"with":[26,93,225],"public":[27,38,102,158,200,234,253,264],"transit.":[28,235,265],"While":[29],"many":[30],"argue":[31],"that":[32,174,181,206,258],"TNCs":[33],"draw":[34],"passengers":[35],"away":[36],"from":[37,108,233,255],"transportation,":[39],"others":[40],"believe":[41],"the":[42,51,85,111,115,125,145,156,183,189,195,207,217,222],"two":[43,70,132,218],"modes":[44,219],"complement":[45],"each":[46,118],"other.":[47],"However,":[48],"due":[49],"to":[50,231,262],"inadequate":[52],"sample":[53],"size":[54],"of":[55,64,79,117,130,136,147,155,167,185,197,209],"rider":[56,149],"surveys":[57],"as":[58,138,188,228],"primary":[59],"data":[60,82],"sources,":[61],"our":[62],"understanding":[63],"how":[65,90],"riders":[66],"choose":[67],"between":[68,250],"these":[69,131,175],"modalities":[71],"remains":[72],"limited.":[73],"This":[74],"study":[75],"uses":[76,259],"nine":[77],"months":[78],"trip":[80],"planning":[81],"generated":[83],"by":[84,179,213],"Transit":[86,109,223],"App,":[87,224],"which":[88,124],"captures":[89],"travelers":[91],"engage":[92],"multiple":[94],"options":[95,113,160],"real":[97],"time,":[98,191],"including":[99],"TNC":[100,151,210,226,251],"transit":[103,159,254],"services.":[104],"We":[105,203],"extract":[106],"measures":[107],"describing":[110],"travel":[112],"habits":[116],"individual":[119],"user":[120,126],"for":[121,199,242,245],"sessions":[122],"\u201ctapped\u201d":[127],"on":[128,153],"one":[129],"modes,":[133],"indicating":[134],"consideration":[135],"it":[137],"option.":[140],"Machine":[141],"learning":[142],"models":[143,172],"predict":[144],"likelihood":[146],"tapping":[150],"based":[152],"features":[154],"available":[157],"other":[162],"contextual":[163],"factors":[164,180],"(e.g.,":[165],"time":[166],"day,":[168],"weather":[169],"conditions).":[170],"The":[171],"find":[173,205],"taps":[176],"are":[177],"driven":[178],"highlight":[182],"convenience":[184],"TNC,":[186],"such":[187],"waiting":[190],"walking":[192],"distance,":[193],"number":[196],"transfers":[198],"trips.":[202],"also":[204],"majority":[208],"trips":[211],"tapped":[212],"app":[214,261],"users":[215],"combine":[216],"when":[220],"using":[221],"acting":[227],"connection":[230],"or":[232],"These":[236],"results":[237],"provide":[238],"detailed":[239],"additional":[240],"evidence":[241],"current":[243],"arguments":[244],"both":[246],"competition":[247],"complementarity":[249],"population":[257],"navigate":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
