{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137331620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","title":"Diversity and Culture in Social Robotics: A Scoping Review","display_name":"Diversity and Culture in Social Robotics: A Scoping Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137331620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114467368","display_name":"L. Saettone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenza Saettone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8718-1656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006199824","display_name":"Antonio Sgorbissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-4311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Sgorbissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-4311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063111867","display_name":"Carmine Tommaso Recchiuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-3740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmine Tommaso Recchiuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-3740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, DIBRIS, RICE Lab, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063111867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40682997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8998000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.8998000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"Cultural diversity","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-relativism","display_name":"Cultural relativism","score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativism","display_name":"Relativism","score":0.39309999346733093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5902000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179972433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741550","display_name":"Cultural relativism","level":3,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185305159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83188","display_name":"Relativism","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32423185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495037","display_name":"Dehumanization","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778360550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249542","display_name":"Transdisciplinarity","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129484327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177603","display_name":"Social perception","level":3,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37773902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970594","display_name":"Cultural bias","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38749836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193358","display_name":"Cultural group selection","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.iris.cineca.it:11567/1300997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1300997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12369-026-01387-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168738021","display_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","issn_l":"1875-4791","issn":["1875-4791","1875-4805"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Social Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6267410516738892,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322794","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137331620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137331620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516981574","https://openalex.org/W1963537682","https://openalex.org/W1963951447","https://openalex.org/W1966779602","https://openalex.org/W1968414212","https://openalex.org/W1971557336","https://openalex.org/W1974166657","https://openalex.org/W1985489405","https://openalex.org/W2002807430","https://openalex.org/W2009898999","https://openalex.org/W2029256457","https://openalex.org/W2032389101","https://openalex.org/W2034762802","https://openalex.org/W2042638488","https://openalex.org/W2044664635","https://openalex.org/W2052757289","https://openalex.org/W2064304167","https://openalex.org/W2068264290","https://openalex.org/W2075950485","https://openalex.org/W2081994289","https://openalex.org/W2084154288","https://openalex.org/W2084715379","https://openalex.org/W2087015032","https://openalex.org/W2091538045","https://openalex.org/W2100274075","https://openalex.org/W2101247524","https://openalex.org/W2104300506","https://openalex.org/W2112880115","https://openalex.org/W2116591386","https://openalex.org/W2122974055","https://openalex.org/W2129650839","https://openalex.org/W2141140610","https://openalex.org/W2141586025","https://openalex.org/W2142187191","https://openalex.org/W2155572870","https://openalex.org/W2157392549","https://openalex.org/W2157973708","https://openalex.org/W2164318031","https://openalex.org/W2164780916","https://openalex.org/W2166503266","https://openalex.org/W2261406464","https://openalex.org/W2279735562","https://openalex.org/W2293390034","https://openalex.org/W2521535695","https://openalex.org/W2614345146","https://openalex.org/W2720054157","https://openalex.org/W2736309598","https://openalex.org/W2766145286","https://openalex.org/W2771151535","https://openalex.org/W2772644739","https://openalex.org/W2773375715","https://openalex.org/W2774587119","https://openalex.org/W2775329135","https://openalex.org/W2775483802","https://openalex.org/W2796291648","https://openalex.org/W2799756848","https://openalex.org/W2888086217","https://openalex.org/W2891668007","https://openalex.org/W2900195554","https://openalex.org/W2906151105","https://openalex.org/W2909438955","https://openalex.org/W2910403783","https://openalex.org/W2910595231","https://openalex.org/W2913338654","https://openalex.org/W2914842996","https://openalex.org/W2970874997","https://openalex.org/W2984673978","https://openalex.org/W2996261126","https://openalex.org/W3014346039","https://openalex.org/W3048739002","https://openalex.org/W3050976981","https://openalex.org/W3096303974","https://openalex.org/W3112840775","https://openalex.org/W3134179914","https://openalex.org/W3134280193","https://openalex.org/W3134543716","https://openalex.org/W3183952876","https://openalex.org/W3195262974","https://openalex.org/W3201931851","https://openalex.org/W3210664318","https://openalex.org/W3210765113","https://openalex.org/W4212844288","https://openalex.org/W4214493050","https://openalex.org/W4220974568","https://openalex.org/W4248011250","https://openalex.org/W4281639830","https://openalex.org/W4285302072","https://openalex.org/W4293018109","https://openalex.org/W4295292834","https://openalex.org/W4298112100","https://openalex.org/W4306780387","https://openalex.org/W4310444681","https://openalex.org/W4311079648","https://openalex.org/W4312222015","https://openalex.org/W4312728885","https://openalex.org/W4318066536","https://openalex.org/W4323537024","https://openalex.org/W4323537382","https://openalex.org/W4327698996","https://openalex.org/W4362672650","https://openalex.org/W4384818378","https://openalex.org/W4385565580","https://openalex.org/W4386093786","https://openalex.org/W4386917399","https://openalex.org/W4388623928","https://openalex.org/W4390405144","https://openalex.org/W4404559792"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1],"explores":[2],"how":[3],"cultural":[4,27],"relativism":[5],"affects":[6],"the":[7,94,98],"adoption":[8],"and":[9,22,42,71,80],"perception":[10],"of":[11],"robots,":[12],"drawing":[13],"conclusions":[14],"that":[15,25,54,62],"can":[16],"be":[17,40],"used":[18],"to":[19,39,44,89,96],"mitigate":[20],"biases":[21],"design":[23],"robots":[24],"incorporate":[26],"diversity.":[28],"Indeed,":[29],"several":[30],"aspects":[31],"(like":[32],"religion,":[33],"pragmatics,":[34],"appearance,":[35],"application":[36,72],"areas)":[37],"need":[38],"considered":[41],"implemented":[43],"ensure":[45],"a":[46,59,78,86,90,102,105],"more":[47],"pleasant":[48],"interaction":[49],"with":[50],"humans.":[51],"We":[52],"show":[53],"culture":[55],"is":[56,85,101],"in":[57,93],"itself":[58],"broad":[60],"concept":[61],"covers":[63],"various":[64],"aspects:":[65],"verbal":[66],"behavior,":[67,69],"nonverbal":[68],"design,":[70],"areas.":[73],"It":[74,100],"could":[75],"intervene":[76],"as":[77],"response":[79],"interpretation":[81],"strategy":[82],"when":[83],"there":[84],"clear":[87],"reference":[88],"social":[91],"background":[92],"task":[95],"shorten":[97],"adaptation.":[99],"cost-saving":[103],"principle,":[104],"heuristic.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2026-03-17T00:00:00"}
